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- Carmody, C., et al.
(author)
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Structural, electrical, and optical analysis of ion implanted semi-insulating InP
- 2004
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In: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 95:2, s. 477-482
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Semi-insulating InP was implanted with MeV P, As, Ga, and In ions, and the resulting evolution of structural properties with increased annealing temperature was analyzed using double crystal x-ray diffractometry and cross sectional transmission electron microscopy. The types of damage identified are correlated with scanning spreading resistance and scanning capacitance measurements, as well as with previously measured Hall effect and time resolved photoluminescence results. We have identified multiple layers of conductivity in the samples which occur due to the nonuniform damage profile of a single implant. Our structural studies have shown that the amount and type of damage caused by implantation does not scale with implant ion atomic mass.
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- Du, Jiangfeng, et al.
(author)
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An experimental observation of geometric phases for mixed states using NMR interferometry
- 2003
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 91:10, s. 100403-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Examples of geometric phases abound in many areas of physics. They offer both fundamental insights into many physical phenomena and lead to interesting practical implementations. One of them, as indicated recently, might be an inherently fault-tolerant quantum computation. This, however, requires to deal with geometric phases in the presence of noise and interactions between different physical subsystems. Despite the wealth of literature on the subject of geometric phases very little is known about this very important case. Here we report the first experimental study of geometric phases for mixed quantum states. We show how different they are from the well understood, noiseless, pure-state case.
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- He, Q, et al.
(author)
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The clinical significance of thymidine kinase 1 measurement in serum of breast cancer patients using anti-TK1 antibody
- 2000
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In: The International journal of biological markers. - : SAGE Publications. - 0393-6155 .- 1724-6008. ; 15:2, s. 139-146
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The activity of total thymidine kinase in serum (S-TK) has been used as a tumor maker for decades. To date such activity has been determined using[125]I-iodo-deoxyuridine as a substrate. The aim of this study was to develop a new, antibody-based technique for the measurement of cytoplasmic thymidine kinase (TK1) in serum. Both mono- and polyclonal antibodies against S-TK1 were used in dot blot assay. S-TK1 was characterized by SDS and IEF techniques. Sixty-five breast cancer patients were studied, including 17 preoperative and 38 postoperative tumor-free patients and 10 patients with metastases to the lymph nodes (N1–2). They were compared to patients with benign tumors (n=21) and healthy volunteers (n=11). S-TK1 was low (0–1.0 pM) in healthy volunteers, while in preoperative patients the level was increased 6–110-fold. Significant differences were observed between preoperative patients and healthy volunteers (p=0.005), preoperative patients and patients with benign tumors (p<0.001), and preoperative patients and postoperative patients without metastases (p<0.001). No significant difference was observed between preoperative patients and postoperative patients with metastases (p=0.191). The S-TK activity in preoperative patients was also high in serum, but no decrease was observed following surgery. In conclusion, the anti-TK1 antibody could be a good marker for monitoring the response of breast cancer patients to therapy.
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- Koivula, Anu, et al.
(author)
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The active site of cellobiohydrolase Cel6A from Trichoderma reesei: the roles of aspartic acids D221 and D175.
- 2002
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In: J Am Chem Soc. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 124:34, s. 10015-24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase Cel6A is an inverting glycosidase. Structural studies have established that the tunnel-shaped active site of Cel6A contains two aspartic acids, D221 and D175, that are close to the glycosidic oxygen of the scissile bond and at hydrogen-bonding distance from each other. Here, site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, and enzyme kinetic studies have been used to confirm the role of residue D221 as the catalytic acid. D175 is shown to affect protonation of D221 and to contribute to the electrostatic stabilization of the partial positive charge in the transition state. Structural and modeling studies suggest that the single-displacement mechanism of Cel6A may not directly involve a catalytic base. The value of (D2O)(V) of 1.16 +/- 0.14 for hydrolysis of cellotriose suggests that the large direct effect expected for proton transfer from the nucleophilic water through a water chain (Grotthus mechanism) is offset by an inverse effect arising from reversibly breaking the short, tight hydrogen bond between D221 and D175 before catalysis.
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- Liu, Bingbing, et al.
(author)
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Synthesis and characterization of single-walled nanotubes produced with Ce as catalyst
- 2000
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In: Molecular Materials: Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Section C, vol. 13. - : Overseas Publishers Association N.V.. ; , s. 75-80
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have studied the effect of using rare-earth elements C (typically +4 oxide state) and Eu (typically +2 oxide state) together with nanometer Ni as catalysts to synthesize SWNT in high yield by arc evaporation. A black collar deposit containing mainly SWNT was formed in the presence of Ce/Ni while only nanometer carbon particles were formed using Eu/Ni, as identified by SEM, TEM and Raman spectra. The Raman spectra of our SWNT mats show difference from spectra shown in the literature in a low frequency range, indicating that our mats contain chiral tubes. The temperature dependent resistance of SWNT mats was also measured. A semiconducting behaviour was observed with a negative dR/dT and no resistance minimum from 2 to 350 K. The resistance follows a 2D variable range hopping behaviour.
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- Zheng, Li-Rong, et al.
(author)
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Design and implementation of system-on-package for radio and mixed-signal applications
- 2004
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In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH IEEE CPMT CONFERENCE ON HIGH DENSITY MICROSYSTEM DESIGN AND PACKAGING AND COMPONENT FAILURE ANALYSIS (HDP'04). - NEW YORK : IEEE. - 0780386205 ; , s. 97-104
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Emerging wireless applications for logistics, intelligent home networks, smart dusts, wireless body area networks (WBAN) will need integration and fusion of a diversity of technologies, which may include digital CMOS circuits, analog/RF circuits, sensors/MEMS, embedded software and memories, antenna, displays, polymer, packaging and interconnections, new materials and new integration process. System-on-package (SoP) is considered as a promising solution for the fundamental integration platform for such applications. In this paper, we show how SoP technology can address the integration platform for these applications and how this can be done in a better way than system-on-chip integration. We first demonstrate the integration process of, SoP in liquid-crystal polymer materials. We see that liquid-crystal-polymer is a promising material for low cost RF SoP. We then demonstrate some design examples. The first one is an integrated 5GHz RF receiver front-end in liquid crystal polymer. Due to high quality of passive components in SoP, superior RF performance is found in this module. In the second example, we address several critical design issues for on-chip versus off-chip passives in a multi-band multi-standard radio for beyond 3G applications. We find that not only RF performance can be improved. Cost benefits are also obvious for such a complex radio. Chip-package co-design for smart parasitic absorption is demonstrated through an RF module for an ultrawide band radio in gigabit wireless. Concept of a SoP pacemaker in a WBAN is shown. Finally, we discuss some system level integration issues and we show how a system can be smartly partitioned for SoP so that we can obtain an optimal total solution for low-cost and good-performance wireless integration.
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