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- Grönlund, Marita Andersson, 1959, et al.
(author)
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Relationships between ophthalmological and neuropaediatric findings in children adopted from Eastern Europe.
- 2010
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In: Acta ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-3768 .- 1755-375X .- 1395-3907 .- 1600-0420. ; 88:2, s. 227-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate and relate visual function, ocular dimensions and neuropaediatric findings in adoptees from Eastern Europe. METHODS: We studied 72 of 99 children, born during 1990-95 and adopted from Eastern Europe to western Sweden during 1993-97. The children (mean age 7.5 years, range 4.8-10.5 years; 41 boys, 31 girls) were examined after a mean period of 5 years post-adoption by a multidisciplinary team. Correlations between ophthalmological findings and neuropaediatric data were analysed. RESULTS: Bivariate and regression analyses indicate a significant positive correlation between visual acuity (VA) and perceptual organization (p < 0.001), as well as between strabismus and verbal comprehension (p < 0.02). Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) was correlated with low VA (p < 0.02), subnormal stereovision (p < 0.009) and small optic discs (p < 0.02). Small head circumference was related to low VA (p < 0.015) and small optic discs (p < 0.03). Furthermore, small optic discs were related to low birthweight (p < 0.005) and preterm birth (p < 0.01). Large optic cups were correlated with poorer perceptual organization (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In this group of adoptees from Eastern Europe, ophthalmological findings were correlated to neuropaediatric findings, especially those arising from prenatal adverse events resulting in growth deficiency and central nervous system damage. Therefore, it is important and valuable with an ophthalmological examination in children adopted from Eastern Europe.
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| 3. |
- Landgren, Eva, et al.
(author)
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The visual ecology of a deep-sea fish, the escolar Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843).
- 2014
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In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 1471-2970 .- 0962-8436. ; 369:1636
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Escolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum, family Gempylidae) are large and darkly coloured deep-sea predatory fish found in the cold depths (more than 200 m) during the day and in warm surface waters at night. They have large eyes and an overall low density of retinal ganglion cells that endow them with a very high optical sensitivity. Escolar have banked retinae comprising six to eight layers of rods to increase the optical path length for maximal absorption of the incoming light. Their retinae possess two main areae of higher ganglion cell density, one in the ventral retina viewing the dorsal world above (with a moderate acuity of 4.6 cycles deg(-1)), and the second in the temporal retina viewing the frontal world ahead. Electrophysiological recordings of the flicker fusion frequency (FFF) in isolated retinas indicate that escolar have slow vision, with maximal FFF at the highest light levels and temperatures (around 9 Hz at 23°C) which fall to 1-2 Hz in dim light or cooler temperatures. Our results suggest that escolar are slowly moving sit-and-wait predators. In dim, warm surface waters at night, their slow vision, moderate dorsal resolution and highly sensitive eyes may allow them to surprise prey from below that are silhouetted in the downwelling light.
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- Lindblad, Ida, et al.
(author)
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Mild intellectual disability and ADHD; a comparative study of school age children's adaptive abilities
- 2013
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In: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 102:10, s. 1027-1031
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To compare adaptive functioning in children with mild intellectual disability (MID) with that of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Thirty-three children with MID were contrasted with 27 children with ADHD with regard to adaptive functioning as measured by the Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System (ABAS-II). The group with MID was population-based, and the group with ADHD was considered representative of a clinically referred group with that diagnosis. The two groups were subdivided into those <= 11 years and those >= 12 years. Results: The group with ADHD had lower adaptive functioning, but differences were not significant at total group levels. In children 12 years or older, the group with ADHD had significantly lower adaptive functioning. Conclusion: Older children with ADHD had poorer adaptive functioning than those with MID, a finding which should be of interest to school and other authorities mapping out education and intervention plans for children with special needs.
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