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- Lundbäck, Bo, et al.
(author)
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Not 15 But 50% of smokers develop COPD?—Report from the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden Studies
- 2003
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In: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 97:2, s. 115-122
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) according to guidelines of today seems considerably higher than has been reported also in recent literature.Aim: To estimate the prevalence of COPD as defined by British Thoracic Society (BTS) criteria and the recent global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) criteria. Further aims were to assess the proportion of underdiagnosis and of symptoms in subjects with COPD, and to study risk factors for COPD.Methods: In 1996, 5892 of the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN) Study's first cohort could be traced to a third follow-up survey, and 5189 completed responses (88%) were received corresponding to 79% of the original cohort from December 1985. Of the responders, a random sample of 1500 subjects were invited to a structured interview and a lung function test, and 1237 of the invited completed a lung function test with acceptable quality.Results: In ages >45 years, the prevalence of COPD according to the BTS guidelines was 8%, while it was 14% according to the GOLD criteria. The absolutely dominating risk factors were increasing age and smoking, and approximately a half of elderly smokers fulfilled the criteria for COPD according to both the BTS and the GOLD criteria. Family history of obstructive airway disease was also a risk factor, while gender was not. Of those fulfilling the BTS criteria for COPD, 94% were symptomatics, 69% had chronic productive cough, but only 31% had prior to the study been diagnosed as having either chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or COPD. The corresponding figures for COPD according GOLD were 88, 51, and 18%.Conclusions: In ages >45 years, the prevalence of COPD according to the BTS guidelines was 8%, and it was 14% according to the GOLD criteria. Fifty percent of elderly smokers had developed COPD. The large majority of subjects having COPD were symptomatic, while the proportion of those diagnosed as having COPD or similar diagnoses was small.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1957, et al.
(author)
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Distans, IKT, folkbildning och vardag. FOLKLIKT-projektet.
- 2001
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In: Paper presenterat vid Mimers årliga forskarkonferens, Härnösand, 6-7 november 2001 samt vid konferensen Forskning i Norden, Oslo, 28-30 maj 2001..
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Per, 1964-
(author)
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Att studera och bli bedömd : Empiriska och teoretiska perspektiv på gymnasie- och vuxenstuderandes sätt att erfara studier och bedömningar
- 2000
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This dissertation is focussing on students’ experiences of assessments, which means that the assessments are related to studying. The assessments particularly investigated are the main types of assessments used in the application and selection for higher education in Sweden – the grading in schools on secondary level, and the Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test (SweSAT).The literature review is an analysis of previous knowledge, resulting in a model of orientations to studying.The empirical investigation consists of interviews with 100 students in upper secondary school, municipal adult education and folk high schools. The interviews are analysed with a phenomenographic approach, and the analysis results in categories describing ways of experiencing what it means to study, ways of experiencing the grades, and the SweSAT. In addition to this, the analysis gives a description of relations between components within categories, relations between categories, and relations between phenomena.The main patterns in the students’ experiences of the assessments are the following: The different categories, describing the experiences of the assessments per se, are focussing on assessment of performance, assessment of personal qualities (including developed knowledge), or uncertainty in relation to the assessment. There are four main aspects of the students’ experiences of the value of assessments, i.e., the relation to future plans, the relation to the student’s personal context, the possibility to influence your result, and the relation to other assessments used in the selection.The final result of the empirical investigation is a reconstructed model of five orientations to studying, where the empirical results are integrated with previous knowledge. The five categories are the knowledge orientation, the duty orientation, the participation orientation, the qualification orientation, and the resistance orientation. These orientations are also described as adaptive and/or non-adaptive in relation to the demands of the education.A further analysis in relation to three social science perspectives shows how assessments can contribute to the colonization of the educational lifeworld, how assessments can be seen as instruments of discipline, and how assessments can be seen as disembedding mechanisms.
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| 6. |
- Baguma, Yona, et al.
(author)
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Expression patterns of the gene encoding starch branching enzyme II in the storage roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
- 2003
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In: Plant Science. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 164:5, s. 833-839
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Spatial and temporal expression patterns of the sbeII and sbeI genes, encoding starch branching enzyme II and I, respectively, in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) were studied at different phenological stages of the crop. A partial cDNA for sbeII in cassava was cloned and used along with a cDNA-specific fragment of sbeI. As the cassava plant aged, the transcriptional activity of the sbeII and sbeI genes in the underground storage roots increased, whereas the activity in other organs remained the same or declined. At 180 days after planting (d.a.p.), levels of sbeII and sbeI transcripts in storage roots were very low, whereas at 360 d.a.p., the levels had increased dramatically. The 360 d.a.p. old storage roots also accumulated gbssII and gbssI transcripts, as well as a longer gbssI transcript, gbssI′. The difference between the gbssI and gbssI′ transcripts was shown to be due to differential splicing, whereby the gbssI′ transcript retained the first three introns. Unexpectedly, expression of sbeII and sbeI in the 360 d.a.p. storage roots exhibited fluctuations during the 24 h cycle, both under the normal light/dark regime and under continuous light or continuous dark conditions.
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| 9. |
- Berndtsson, Rolf, 1936-
(author)
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Om folkhögskolans dynamik : Möten mellan olika bildningsprojekt
- 2000
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study is describing the projects of Bildung which are possible to identify with the students and the teachers at two folk high schools and the meeting between those projects in the classrooms. Another purpose is to describe and analyze processes, which arise when teachers, students and folk high school as an institution come together. As a background and part of the study, connected to the central concept of the thesis - power and Bildung - is an account of the projects of Bildung which have been developed within the folk high school in a historical perspective. It is the generally oriented course and the students that are in focus.The study is part of an ethnographic research tradition and the empirical part of the study consists of a combination of qualitative interviews with the teachers and the students and participant observation.The projects of Bildung, which I have found represented by the students are “selfeducation” with the subgroups "self-development" and "self-rehabilitation" and "the project of qualification". Most of the teachers try to establish an attitude that has a self-educational direction but gradually the teachers are forced to let the qualification project get a more prominent part in the teaching. The projects of Bildung are changing and are in contrast to each other, sometimes in harmony and sometimes out of balance. I found that the study setting could be characterized by manifoldness and dynamics. A pluralism resulting in challenges and different processes.
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