| 1. |
- Aldaeus, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of pulp with high enzymatic hydrolyzability
- 2014
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In: 13th European Workshop on Lignocellulosics and Pulp (EWLP 2014) book of abstracts.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Conversion of biomass to biofuels is currently an area that attracts large interest, and lignocellulosic biomass offers the abundance and environmental attributes that can potentially support large-scale biofuel production as an alternative to petroleum-based transportation fuel.In a recent project, Innventia has developed wood based pulps optimized for conversion to biofuels. These novel pulps were produced to target a high level of enzymatic hydrolyzability. To assess the hydrolyzability of these pulps, a laboratory protocol has been established usingan enzyme mixture containing Celluclast 1.5L and Novozyme 188 with an activity of 10 FPU/g pulp (Andersen 2007). Results obtained using this protocol are assumed to be relevant for industrial conditions. In addition to assessment of the produced pulps, the results havebeen compared to commercial cellulose substrates and pulps of a variety of grades.Furthermore, supramolecular properties – specific surface area and average pore size – were determined by an in-house method utilizing solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (Larsson et al. 2013). Kappa numbers, limiting viscosities, ISO-brightness and carbohydrate compositions were determined using standard methods. Molecular mass distributions of cellulose tricarbanilates were determined by size exclusion chromatography with tetrahydrofuran mobile phase (Drechsler et al. 2000).The presentation will discuss the influence of chemical, macromolecular and supramolecular properties of commercial and novel pulp grades on the enzymatic hydrolyzability. Theprotocol used to assess of enzymatic hydrolyzability will be proposed as a benchmark test.
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| 2. |
- Alrutz, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Projektledning
- 2013
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Book (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Projektledning är ett yrke med egen certifiering. Det pågår en spännande utveckling inom området och det blir allt viktigare att hålla sig ajour med utvecklingen.Det övergripande målet med den här handboken är att vara en ständigt aktuell heltäckande bok om projektarbete. Innehållsmässigt täcker den både frågor som har med struktur och styrning att göra och frågor om ledning av människor och mänskliga processer i grupp. Kompetens inom projekt byggs av både kunskap och erfarenhet. Vi följer kontinuerligt aktuell forskning inom dessa områden och bjuder in intressanta forskare att medverka som författare. Vi skildrar verkliga projekt och låter erfarenheterna få plats, både de bästa erfarenheterna och de utmaningar som man tagit sig igenom.Handboken är levande och det innebär att artiklar tas bort för att ge plats för nya, i takt med att den uppdateras fortlöpande.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Larsson, Per Tomas, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of cellulose supramolecular structure using solid-state NMR
- 2014
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In: Analysdagarna book of abstracts.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Cellulose I isolated from wood in the form of cellulose-rich fibres, i.e. as a pulp, is a widely used raw material that holds a potential for further and more versatile use. Due to its abundance cellulose can be a benign replacement for many materials used in everydaycommodities.Isolated cellulose I is associated with a complex supramolecular structure (in the nanometresdimensional range), and in the case of cellulose-richfibres it is also associated with a complex fibre wall morphology (typical wood fibres are millimetres long and tenths of micrometres wide).The main advantage of using cellulose-rich fibres is an existence of a worldwide industry which has the processing equipment and the know-how necessary for efficient handling and processing of wood-based pulps.Utilization of cellulose I is dependent on the reactivity of the cellulose substrate, here the term reactivity is used in a broad sense. Enzymatic conversion of cellulose-rich fibres to sugars or the dissolution of cellulose for textile fibre manufacture is two examples where different aspects of the cellulosereactivity are important for efficient processing.Several methods for characterizing various aspects of cellulose are available. The degree of polymerization and the degree of cellulose crystallinity are two examples. In the case of cellulose-rich fibres its carbohydrate composition can be of importance. Traditionally lessattention has been paid to the supramolecular characteristics of cellulose although they are in a dimensional range that could exert an influence on the chemistry used.The present work deals with the characterization of the supramolecular properties of cellulose and cellulose-rich fibres and illustrates some examples where the supramolecular structure of the cellulose is a controlling factor for its reactivity. Most of the presented work is based on CP/MAS 13 C-NMR measurements. Using this technique it has been shown that robust measurements of cellulose nanostructures such aslateral fibril dimensions and lateral fibril aggregate dimensions can be obtained and how subsequently the specific surface area of the cellulose in a water-swollen state can be estimated. Moreover, by combining NMR resultswith measurements of the amount of water located inside a water-swollen fibre wall, estimates of the average fibre wall pore size can be obtained. Such results have beenrelated to data from enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose-richfibres to illustrate the influence of supramolecular structure on enzymatic reactivity.
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| 5. |
- Sedigh, Amir, et al.
(author)
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Modifying the vessel walls in porcine kidneys during machine perfusion
- 2014
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In: Journal of Surgical Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4804 .- 1095-8673. ; 191:2, s. 455-462
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Endothelial glycocalyx regulates the endothelial function and plays an active role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. During ischemia/reperfusion, the glycocalyx is rapidly shed into the blood stream. A heparin conjugate (CHC; Corline systems AB, Uppsala, Sweden) consists of 70 heparin molecules that have the capacity to adhere strongly to biological tissues expressing heparin affinity. We hypothesized that CHC could be used to restore disrupted glycocalyx in vivo in kidneys from brain-dead pigs.Materials and Methods: Brain death was induced in male landrace pigs (n=6) by inflating a balloon catheter in the epidural space until obtaining negative cerebral perfusion. The recovered kidneys (n=5+5) were perfused by hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) using two Lifeport kidney transporters (Organ Recovery Systems, Chicago, IL, USA). 50 mg CHC (including 25 mg biotinylated CHC) or 50 mg unfractionated heparin (control) was added to the perfusion fluid in the respective machines. In one case, the kidneys were used only for dose escalation of CHC with the same procedure.Results: CHC was detected by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy in the inner surface of vessel walls. The binding of CHC in the kidney was confirmed indirectly by consumption of CHC from the perfusion fluid.Conclusions: In this first attempt, we show that CHC may be used to coat the vessel walls of perfused kidneys during HMP, an approach that could become useful in restoring endothelial glycocalyx of kidneys recovered from deceased donors to protect vascular endothelium and possibly ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion injuries.
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| 6. |
- Teigland, Robin, et al.
(author)
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Breaking Out of the Bank in Europe - Exploring Collective Emergent Institutional Entrepreneurship Through Bitcoin
- 2013
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In: SSRN Electronic journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1556-5068.
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In recent years, the Bitcoin community has collectively developed an open source platform that allows for the mining of the Bitcoin currency as well as instant global peer-to-peer payments and financial transactions using Bitcoins - without any central authority. With its theoretical roots in the Austrian School of Economics, the community can be seen as a potential threat to the mega financial institutions and governments in Europe and across the globe as the Bitcoin currency and its underlying principles challenge the long-standing fiat money system. Designed and implemented in only 2009, Bitcoin has rapidly grown from being an idea in the head of a “Japanese programmer” to becoming a legitimate currency as Bitcoin-Central was awarded an International Bank ID number and became a Payment Services Provider equal to organizations such as PayPal. However, perhaps due to its rapid growth during the past four years and the fact that the currency is primarily a virtual one, the Bitcoin community has been subject to external threats such as fraud, hacker attacks, and a lawsuit. Despite this, the community has shown significant resilience and has even shown continued exponential growth in recent months. As such, our research purpose is to investigate the process through which the Bitcoin community acts as an institutional entrepreneur. As a first step in fulfilling our research purpose, we conduct an exploratory analysis in this research-in-progress paper of the formal and informal “organizations” of Bitcoin as well as of the topical network structure of the Bitcoin community using secondary sources and the complete archive of 1.15 million English posts written by 21,903 members between 2009 and 2013. Some preliminary results and findings as well as future steps are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Aiempanakit, Montri, et al.
(author)
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Effect of peak power in reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering of titanium dioxide
- 2011
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In: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 205:20, s. 4828-4831
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of peak power in a high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) reactive deposition of TiO(2) films has been studied with respect to the deposition rate and coating properties. With increasing peak power not only the ionization of the sputtered material increases but also their energy. In order to correlate the variation in the ion energy distributions with the film properties, the phase composition, density and optical properties of the films grown with different HiPIMS-parameters have been investigated and compared to a film grown using direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS). All experiments were performed for constant average power and pulse on time (100W and 35 mu s, respectively), different peak powers were achieved by varying the frequency of pulsing. Ion energy distributions for Ti and O and its dependence on the process conditions have been studied. It was found that films with the highest density and highest refractive index were grown under moderate HiPIMS conditions (moderate peak powers) resulting in only a small loss in mass-deposition rate compared to DCMS. It was further found that TiO2 films with anatase and rutile phases can be grown at room temperature without substrate heating and without post-deposition annealing.
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| 8. |
- Aiempanakit, Montri, et al.
(author)
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Hysteresis and process stability in reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering of metal oxides
- 2011
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In: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 519:22, s. 7779-7784
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the further development of reactive sputter deposition, strategies which allow for stabilization of the transition zone between the metallic and compound modes, elimination of the process hysteresis, and increase of the deposition rate, are of particular interest. In this study, the hysteresis behavior and the characteristics of the transition zone during reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) of Al and Ce targets in an Ar-O(2) atmosphere as a function of the pulsing frequency and the pumping speed are investigated. Comparison with reactive direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) reveals that HiPIMS allows for elimination/suppression of the hysteresis and a smoother transition from the metallic to the compound sputtering mode. For the experimental conditions employed in the present study, optimum behavior with respect to the hysteresis width is obtained at frequency values between 2 and 4 kHz, while HiPIMS processes with values below or above this range resemble the DCMS behavior. Al-O films are deposited using both HiPIMS and DCMS. Analysis of the film properties shows that elimination/suppression of the hysteresis in HiPIMS facilitates the growth of stoichiometric and transparent Al(2)O(3) at relatively high deposition rates over a wider range of experimental conditions as compared to DCMS.
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| 9. |
- Akhtar, Monira, et al.
(author)
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Cell type and context-specific function of PLAG1 for IGF2 P3 promoter activity
- 2012
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In: International Journal of Oncology. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1019-6439 .- 1791-2423. ; 41:6, s. 1959-1966
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The fetal transcription factor PLAG1 is found to be overexpressed in cancers, and has been suggested to bind the insulin like growth factor 2 (IGF2) P3 promoter, and to activate the IGF2 gene. The expression of IGF2 has partly been linked to loss of CTCF-dependent chromatin insulator function at the H19 imprinting control region (ICR). We investigated the role of PLAG1 for IGF2 regulation in Hep3B and JEG-3 cell lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed cell type-specific binding of PLAG1 to the IGF2 P3 promoter, which was substantially insensitive to recombinant PLAG1 overexpression in the endogenous context. We hypothesized that the H19 chromatin insulator may be involved in the cell type-specific PLAG1 response. By using a GFP reporter gene/insulator assay plasmid construct with and without the H19 ICR and/or an SV40 enhancer, we confirm that the effect of the insulator is specifically associated with the activity of the IGF2 P3 promoter in the GFP reporter system, and furthermore, that the reporter insulator is functional in JEG-3 but not in Hep3B cells. FACS analysis was used to assess the function of PLAG1 in low endogenously expressing, but Zn-inducible stable PLAG1 expressing JEG-3 cell clones. Considerable increase in IGF2 expression upon PLAG1 induction with a partial insulator overriding activity was found using the reporter constructs. This is in contrast to the effect of the endogenous IGF2 gene which was insensitive to PLAG1 expression in JEG-3, while modestly induced the already highly expressed IGF2 gene in Hep3B cells. We suggest that the PLAG1 binding to the IGF2 P3 promoter and IGF2 expression is cell type-specific, and that the PLAG1 transcription factor acts as a transcriptional facilitator that partially overrides the insulation by the H19 ICR.
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| 10. |
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