| 1. |
- Wang, Yutao, et al.
(author)
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Community dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in high-input and intensively irrigated rice cultivation systems.
- 2015
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In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240. ; 81:8, s. 2958-2965
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Application of mycorrhizal inoculum could be one way to increase the yield of rice plants, and reduce the application of fertilizer. We therefore studied arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the roots of wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.) collected at the seedling, tillering, heading and ripening stages in four paddy wetlands that had been under a high-input and intensively irrigated rice cultivation system for more than 20 years. It was found that AMF colonization was mainly established in the heading and ripening stages. The AMF community structure was characterized in rhizosphere soil and root from two of the studied paddy wetlands. A fragment covering partial SSU, the whole ITS and partial LSU rRNA operon region of AMF was amplified, cloned and sequenced from roots and soils. A total of 639 AMF sequences were obtained, and these were finally assigned to 16 phylotypes based on a phylogenetic analysis, including 12 phylotypes from Glomeraceae, one phylotype from Claroideoglomeraceae, two phylotypes from Paraglomeraceae and one unidentified phylotype. The AMF phylotype compositions in the soils were similar between the two surveyed sites, but there was a clear discrepancy between the communities obtained from root and soil. The relatively high number of AMF phylotypes at the surveyed sites suggests that the conditions are suitable for some species of AMF and that they may have an important function in conventional rice cultivation systems. The species richness of root-colonizing AMF increased with growth of rice, and future studies should consider the developmental stages of this crop in the exploration of AMF function in paddy wetlands.
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| 2. |
- Wang, Yutao, et al.
(author)
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Response differences of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities in the roots of an aquatic and a semiaquatic species to various flooding regimes
- 2016
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In: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 403:1-2, s. 361-373
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and aims: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous in wetland habitats, but their diversity and distribution pattern in these habitats is poorly understood. Under varying hydrological conditions, AMF communities in roots of different wetland species may respond differently due to hydrological and to physiological differences among plants. Here we test this hypothesis.Methods: AMF colonization intensity and community structure in the roots of two wetland plants with different flood tolerance (one aquatic and one semiaquatic) were characterized along a hydrologic gradient. A fragment covering partial SSU, the whole ITS and partial LSU rDNA region of AMF was amplified, cloned and sequenced from the roots of each host species.Results: A total of 528 AMF sequences were obtained and sorted into 15 taxa based on phylogenetic analyses. A total of nine and 13 taxa, respectively, were found from the aquatic and semiaquatic host species; theAMF compositions of both sets of taxa were very similar. Intensive flooding inhibited the AMF colonization and diversity level in both cases, while moderate flooding caused distinctly different effects between thetwo wetland species.Conclusions: AMF diversity level in wetland habitat is not necessarily low, even if few morphological structures of AMF are detected in the roots. The effects of hydrologic conditions on AMF communities in wetlands depend on both the flooding intensity and the adaptations of the wetland hosts.
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| 3. |
- Björn, Lars Olof, et al.
(author)
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Role of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Origin of Life
- 2015
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In: Photobiology: The Science of Light and Life (3rd ed.). - New York, NY : Springer New York. - 9781493914678 - 9781493914685 ; , s. 415-420
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 4. |
- Björn, Lars Olof, et al.
(author)
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Thermal emissivity of avian eggshells
- 2016
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In: Journal of Thermal Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4565 .- 1879-0992. ; 57, s. 1-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The hypothesis has been tested that evolution has resulted in lower thermal emissivity of eggs of birds breeding openly in cold climates than of eggs of birds that nest under protective covering or in warmer climates. Directional thermal emissivity has been estimated from directional–hemispherical reflectance spectra. Due to several methodological difficulties the absolute emissivity is not accurately determined, but differences between species are obvious. Mostnotably, small waders of the genus Calidris, breeding in cold climates on the tundra, and in most cases with uniparental nest attendance, have low directional emissivity of their eggshells, about 0.92 when integration is carried out for wavelengths up to 16 μm. Species belonging to Galloanserinae have the highest directional emissivity, about 0.96, of their eggs. No differences due to climate or breeding conditions were found within this group. Eggs of most other birds tested possess intermediate emissivity, but the values for Pica pica and Corvus corone cornix are as low as for Calidris. Large species-dependent differences in spectral reflectance were found at specific wavelengths. For instance, at 4.259 μm the directional–hemispherical reflectance for galliforms range from 0.05 to 0.09, while for Fratercula arctica and Fulmarus glacialis it is about 0.3.The reflection peaks at 6.5 and 11.3 μm due to calcite are differentially attenuated in differents pecies. In conclusion, the hypothesis that evolution has resulted in lower thermal emissivity of bird-eggs being exposed in cold climates is not supported by our results.The emissivity is not clearly related to nesting habits or climate, and it is unlikely that the small differences observed are ecologically important. The spectral differences between eggs that nevertheless exist should be taken into account when using infrared thermometers for estimating the surface temperature of avian eggs.
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| 5. |
- Ning, Chanjuan, et al.
(author)
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Application of in-house virtual protein database performed in genomic-proteomic combined research on heavy-metal stressed onion roots
- 2016
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In: Biotechnology Letters. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-6776 .- 0141-5492. ; 38:8, s. 1293-1300
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives To establish an in-house virtual protein database that can be employed in proteomic research on non-model plants. Results A total of 87,430 unigenes were obtained through transcriptome sequencing from onion roots. Of these, 24,305 unigenes were annotated and their nucleotide sequences of coding regions were translated into amino acid sequences. The corresponding 24,305 amino acid sequences were considered as an in-house virtual protein database. Thirty-two protein spots with significant differential abundance were selected. Their MS data were submitted to a restriction enzyme map which was converted from the in-house virtual protein database. A total of 27 proteins were finally matched.Conclusions The in-house protein database is afeasible and innovative strategy for proteomicresearch on non-model plants.
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| 6. |
- Qin, Rong, et al.
(author)
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Copper induced root growth inhibition of Allium cepa var. Agrogarum L. involves disturbances in cell division and DNA damage
- 2015
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In: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0730-7268. ; 34:5, s. 1045-1055
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Copper (Cu) is considered to be an indispensable microelement for plants. Excessive Cu, however, is toxic and disturbs severalprocesses in the plant. The present study addressed the effects of ionic Cu (2.0 mMand 8.0mM) on mitosis, the microtubule cytoskeleton,and DNA in root tip cells of Allium cepa var. agrogarum L. to better understand Cu toxicity on plant root systems. The results indicated that Cu accumulated in roots and that root growth was inhibited dramatically in Cu treatment groups. Chromosomal aberrations (for example, C-mitosis, chromosome bridges, chromosome stickiness, and micronucleus) were observed, and the mitotic index decreased during Cu treatments at different concentrations. Microtubules were one of the target sites of Cu toxicity in root tip meristematic cells, and Cu exposure substantially impaired microtubule arrangements. The content of a-tubulin decreased following 36 h of exposure to 2.0mM or 8.0mM of Cu in comparison with the control group. Copper increased DNA damage and suppressed cell cycle progression. The above toxic effects became more serious with increasing Cu concentration and prolonged exposure time.
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| 7. |
- Qin, Rong, et al.
(author)
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Proteomic analysis of Allium cepa var. agrogarum L. roots under copper stress
- 2016
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In: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 401, s. 197-212
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: In the present study, the effects of Cu (2.0 and 8.0 μM) on root growth of Allium cepa var. agrogarum L. were addressed and protein abundance levels were analyzed using the technology of proteomics combined with transcriptomics, in order to go deeper into the understanding of the mechanism of Cu toxicity on plant root systems at the protein level and to provide valuable information for monitoring and forecasting the effects of exposure to Cu in real scenarios conditions.Methods: Protein extraction; Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis; Mass spectrometry analysis;Establishment of the in-house database; Restriction enzyme map of the in-house database and proteinidentification.Results Root growth was dramatically inhibited after 12 h Cu treatment. By establishing an in-house database and using mass spectrometry analysis, 27 differentially abundant proteins were identified. These 27 proteins were involved in multiple biological processes including defensive response, transcription regulation and protein synthesis, cell wall synthesis, cell cycle and DNA replication, and other important functions.Conclusions: Our results provide new insights at the proteomic level into the Cu-induced responses, defensive responses and toxic effects, and provide new molecular markers of the early events of plant responses to Cu toxicity. Moreover, the establishment of an in-house database provides a big improvement for proteomicsresearch on non-model plants.
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| 8. |
- Zeng, Lihua, et al.
(author)
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Effects of Ca addition on the uptake, translocation, and distribution of Cd in Arabidopsis thaliana
- 2017
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In: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. - : Elsevier BV. - 0147-6513. ; 139, s. 228-237
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cadmium (Cd) pollution poses a risk to human health for its accumulation in soil and crops, but this can be alleviated by calcium (Ca) addition. However, its mechanism remains unclear yet. In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana was used to explore the alleviating effects of Ca on Cd toxicity and its specific function during uptake, upward-translocation, and distribution of Cd. Supplementing plants with 5 mM CaCl2 alleviated the intoxication symptoms caused by 50 μM CdCl2, such as smaller leaves, early bolting and root browning. Ca addition decreased uptake of Cd, possibly by reducing the physical adsorption of Cd since the root cell membrane was well maintained and lignin deposition was decreased as well, and by decreasing symplastic Cd transport. Expression of the genes involved (AtZIP2 and AtZIP4) was also decreased. In addition, Ca accumulated in the plant shoot to help facilitating the upward-translocation of Cd, with evidence of higher translocation factor and expression of genes that were involved in Ca transport (AtPCR1) and Cd xylem loading (AtHMA2 and AtHMA4). Dithizone-staining of Cd in leaves showed that in Cd+Ca-treated plants, Ca addition initially protected the leaf stomata by preventing Cd from entering guard cells, but with prolonged Cd treatment facilitated the Cd accumulation around trichomes and maybe its excretion. We conclude that Ca promotes the upward-translocation of Cd and changes its distribution in leaves. The results may have relevance for bioremediation.
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