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- Lidén, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Genetic counselling for cancer and risk perception
- 2003
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In: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 42:7, s. 726-734
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main aim was to investigate risk perception and psychological distress in individuals attending genetic counselling. A consecutive series of 86 individuals with a diagnosis and/or family history of breast, ovarian or colorectal cancer was included. Risk assessments were performed before and immediately after genetic counselling and at a one-year follow-up. Psychological distress was assessed 1 week before, and 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year after genetic counselling. The number of individuals who correctly-estimated the general risk in the population increased significantly from 35%, before to 82% after counselling (p < 0.001). One year later, data on general risk estimates showed a significant reduction of the number of correct estimations to 51%, compared with directly after the counselling (p < 0.005). In total, 54% estimated their own lifetime risk correctly after the counselling, compared with 17% before (p < 0.001) (those with a cancer diagnosis estimated the risk of their children developing cancer). One year later, the number of correct estimations had dropped to 28%. Before the counselling, the majority of the participants overestimated both the general risk and their own/children's risk. The participants experienced moderate levels of psychological distress before the counselling and a decrease of anxiety afterwards (p < 0.02). However, half of the participants reported moderate or high distress. There were no differences in psychological distress between those who estimated their risk/ children's risk as low, moderate or high or between those who over-, under- or correctly estimated their own/children's risk. Further investigations are needed to develop and adjust the risk information provided to the individual in order to avoid misunderstanding, especially as this information is going to be revealed to family members Counselling support should be offered to those individuals who experience psychological distress.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Rudolf, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Controlled fed-batch fermentations of dilute-acid hydrolysate in pilot development unit scale
- 2004
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In: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - 1559-0291. ; 114:1-3, s. 601-617
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inhibitors formed during wood hydrolysis constitute a major problem in fermenting dilute-acid hydrolysates. By applying a fed-batch technique, the levels of inhibitory compounds may be held low, enabling high ethanol productivity. In this study, a previously developed fed-batch strategy was modified and implemented for use in pilot development unit (PDU) scale. The rate of total gas formation, measured with a mass flow meter, was used as input variable in the control algorithm. The feed rate in the PDU-scale experiments could be properly controlled based on the gas evolution from the reactor. In fed-batch experiments utilizing TMB 3000, an inhibitor-tolerant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, close to 100% of the hexoses in the hydrolysate was converted.
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| 4. |
- Sanchez, Gladys, et al.
(author)
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Dilute-acid hydrolysis for fermentation of the Bolivian straw material Paja Brava
- 2004
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In: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2976 .- 0960-8524. ; 93:3, s. 249-256
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hydrolysis of the straw material Paja Brava, a sturdy grass characteristic for the high plains of Bolivia, was studied in order to find suitable conditions for hydrolysis of the hemicellulose and cellulose parts. Dried Paja Brava material was pre-steamed, impregnated with dilute sulfuric acid (0.5% or 1.0% by wt), and subsequently hydrolyzed in a reactor at temperatures between 170 and 230 degreesC for a reaction time between 3 and 10 min. The highest yield of xylose (indicating efficient hydrolysis of hemicellulose) were found at a temperature of 190 degreesC, and a reaction time of 5-10 min, whereas considerably higher temperatures (230 degreesC) were needed for hydrolysis of cellulose. Fermentability of hemicellulose hydrolyzates was tested using the xylose-fermenting yeast species Pichia stipitis, Candida shehatae and Pachysolen tannophilus. The fermentability of hydrolyzates decreased strongly for hydrolyzates produced at temperatures higher than 200 degreesC. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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