| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(author)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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In: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Hagberg, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Lättviktsgrindar av höghållfast stål för säkrare djurhantering och arbetsmiljö
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Lightweight gates of high-strength steel for improved worker safety and cattle handling This report presents the work with developing a lightweight gate of high-strength steel for the handling of cattle. The project was conducted as a European Innovation Partnership (EIP) project. The project group consisted of co-workers from the unit of Agriculture and Horticulture and the unit of Process and Environmental Engineering at Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE Jordbruk och trädgård och RISE Kretsloppsteknik), Parsteel AB (former Nilssons Plåtindustri AB), SSAB EMEA AB, Sophie Atkinson at Smart Animal Handling, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) in Skara and the cattle farmer Lars Olsson. The main objectives of the project were to develop a lightweight gate weighing at least 50% less and being three times as strong as a traditional gate for cattle handling. The main motive was to improve the ergonomic conditions and working environment for the animal handlers. Additionally, for the safety of both animals and handlers, the gate must withstand the loads from cattle. Other objectives were to design and construct a gate that does not exceed the price of a high-quality gate and not contribute to increased negative environmental impact. A lightweight gate can be made of various materials such as plastic, fiberglass or steel. Regarding the project group's participants and their competencies, in addition to the numerous requirements placed on a lightweight gate, the choice fell on high-strength steel. High-strength steel is characterized by having high yield strengths, up to 1300 MPa, in comparison with traditional construction steel with yield strength of 355 MPa. For the specific lightweight gate, steel pipes with a yield strength of approximately 750 MPa were chosen. These pipes are mainly used in the automotive and engine industry, where high demands are placed on strength while at the same time a light construction is desired. The gate itself was designed during the project and several details were examined and developed in regard to functionality and safety for both cattle and handlers. The work environment legislation states that gates must be dimensioned and anchored so that the animals cannot break out (AFS 2008:17). The gates must also not pose a risk of injury to the cattle. In order to work safely with cattle, knowledge of cattle behavior is essential and consequently the report contains a chapter describing cattle senses and behavior. Both the lightweight gates and the handling system, built up by the gates, must be adapted to the cattle. In the project, the bud box handling system was tested. The handling system was originally developed to make use of the behavioral characteristics of cattle to encourage forward movement in the desired direction. In the project the handling system's functionality and safety, by using lightweight gates and additional equipment and components, were further designed. The handling system was tested in two groups of heifers at the SLU Götala Beef and Lamb Research Centre. The lightweight gates were also tested in a dairy herd and a beef herd, while hoof trimming, and at a small-scale abattoir. Generally, the light weight of the gates was considered an advantage as the handling of the gates is simplified also resulting in more frequent use of the gates, increasing safety for both animals and humans. During the project, several strength tests were performed by building unique test rigs. In one test rig, the weld of the pipes of the lightweight gate was tested. In another test rig, the strength of lightweight gates, compared with traditional gates on the market, were tested. The outcome of the tests confirmed the original aim of the project, a lightweight gate made of high-strength steel, about 50% lighter and at least three times as strong as traditional gates, had been developed and designed during the project period.
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| 3. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- 2021
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In: eLife. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
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| 4. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(author)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 5. |
- Roos, Annica, et al.
(author)
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Digitaliserade sammodala hållbara transportkedjor, Living Labs i projekt FEDeRATED
- 2024
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Forsknings- och innovationsprojektet Digitaliserade sammodala hållbara transportkedjor avser en nationell förstärkning till deltagandet i CEF-projektet FEDeRATED, vilket initierats av DTLF (Digital Transport and Logistics Forum). Sverige har inom FEDeRATED haft ett ansvar för WP3 Living labs, där 23 europeiska Living Labs har ingått. För att erhålla en tydlig och mätbar resultathemtagning har det svenska projektet möjliggjort en fördjupning i de demonstrationsstudier som bedrivits i tio svenska Living Labs. Genom denna organisering har projektet haft en unik möjlighet att koppla samman svenska förutsättningar och behov till en bredare internationell valideringsstudie som initierats av Europeiska kommissionen. Till rapporten hör följande delrapporter:1. A Data-sharing Case for SME, Last-mile Delivery Actors (DaLab)2. Better Terminal Flow (BetTerFlow)3. Data Shared Between Distributors to the City of Helsingborg (2TransCity)4. Energiledningssystem för anläggningar, Byggbranschens Elektroniska Affärsstandard (ELSA/BEAst)5. Multimodal Information Sharing (MMIS)6. Optimized Cargo Operations by Cargo Owner Integration (OptiPort)7. Rail-Road Terminal Collaborative Decision Making (RRTCDM)8. RFID in Rail9. Ship’s Arrival and Departure Information Xchange (SADIX)10. Sustainable Intermodal Chain (SIMC)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Augustsson, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Validation of factor VIII activity for monitoring standard and extended half-life products and correlation to thrombin generation assays
- 2021
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In: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 27:3, s. 494-500
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Monitoring replacement therapy with standard and extended half-life (EHL) products is challenging, since one-stage assay (OSA) and chromogenic substrate assay (CSA) results may differ significantly. Recent recommendations include local validation of each new product with recovery within 20–30%, depending on activity level. Aim: To validate factor VIII (FVIII) activity for monitoring products in clinical use on Atellica Coag and to correlate it with thrombin generation. Methods: Plasma samples spiked with Advate®, Elocta®, Adynovi®, Nuwiq®, NovoEight® and Afstyla® (0.05, 0.20, 0.50 and 0.80 IU/ml) were analysed using Atellica Coag 360 with CSA-1 (Coatest SP) and CSA-2 (FVIII chromogenic), and OSA (Actin FS). Thrombin generation was performed using two thrombin generation assays (TGA-1 (Thrombinoscope) and TGA-2 (Technothrombin). Results: All products at levels above 0.05 IU/ml, except Adynovi, showed acceptable recovery using CSA-1, whereas measurements using CSA-2 gave more results outside the target level. All products, except Afstyla, showed acceptable recovery using OSA. Correlation between CSA-1 and OSA was excellent (r2=1.0) with biases of 6–32%, depending on FVIII product. A clear dose-response was seen for all thrombin generation parameters and products using both methods, except at low levels for lag time using TGA-1. With CSA-1 as an independent variable, the correlations to thrombin peak (measured with TGA-2) were good (r2 =.8–.9). Conclusion: Our data revealed good correlation and acceptable bias between CSA and OSA using our sets of reagents, methods and analyser in spiked samples. Thrombin generation gave good correlation to CSA-1 factor activity and is a possible complement to factor activity assays.
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| 9. |
- Bengtson, Anna, 1968-
(author)
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The Business Network Approach
- 2020
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In: Theories and Perspectives in Business Administration. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB.
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 10. |
- Broadaway, K Alaine, et al.
(author)
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Loci for insulin processing and secretion provide insight into type 2 diabetes risk.
- 2023
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In: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 110:2, s. 284-299
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Insulin secretion is critical for glucose homeostasis, and increased levels of the precursor proinsulin relative to insulin indicate pancreatic islet beta-cell stress and insufficient insulin secretory capacity in the setting of insulin resistance. We conducted meta-analyses of genome-wide association results for fasting proinsulin from 16 European-ancestry studies in 45,861 individuals. We found 36 independent signals at 30 loci (p value < 5 × 10-8), which validated 12 previously reported loci for proinsulin and ten additional loci previously identified for another glycemic trait. Half of the alleles associated with higher proinsulin showed higher rather than lower effects on glucose levels, corresponding to different mechanisms. Proinsulin loci included genes that affect prohormone convertases, beta-cell dysfunction, vesicle trafficking, beta-cell transcriptional regulation, and lysosomes/autophagy processes. We colocalized 11 proinsulin signals with islet expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data, suggesting candidate genes, including ARSG, WIPI1, SLC7A14, and SIX3. The NKX6-3/ANK1 proinsulin signal colocalized with a T2D signal and an adipose ANK1 eQTL signal but not the islet NKX6-3 eQTL. Signals were enriched for islet enhancers, and we showed a plausible islet regulatory mechanism for the lead signal in the MADD locus. These results show how detailed genetic studies of an intermediate phenotype can elucidate mechanisms that may predispose one to disease.
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