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- Herneke, Anja
(author)
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Plant protein nanofibrils : characterising properties for future food
- 2022
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis explores the potential of protein nanofibrils (PNFs) as an ingredient to generate structure in food. Proteins from whey and from plants were used to form PNFs, with particular focus on proteins extracted from plants. PNFs were formed by heating (85-90 °C) the proteins at pH 2 for 24-96 h. Various microstructural features were observed on casting whey-based PNFs with nanoscale variations (length, morphology) into films. Length of the PNFs, rather than morphology, had the greatest effect on microstructural attributes. Whey is a well-studied food protein with good ability to form PNFs. Whey-based and plant-based PNFs were compared to understand better how plant proteins can be used to form PNFs with similar length. Characterisation of the secondary structure and morphology of PNFs made from plant-based sources, such as legumes, cereals, oilseeds and tubers, showed that all proteins could form PNFs, but with some variation in morphology (curved/straight). Analysis of extracted protein size and purity to investigate their effects on formation of PNFs revealed that smaller and purer proteins gave better PNFs production. Increased pH after fibril formation affected PNF morphology and the viscosity of fibrillated samples of fava bean, fava bean globular fractions 11S and 7S, and mung bean. Straight PNFs from fava beans and curved PNFs from mung beans were examined for their ability to form and stabilise foams. At relatively low concentrations, fibrillated proteins (independent of PNF morphology) generated more voluminous and more stable foam than the corresponding protein at the same concentration. At very low concentrations, only curved PNFs gave stable foams at pH close to the isoelectric point of the protein. Preliminary results indicated that curved PNFs from mung beans can also be assembled into microfibres with the help of a flow-focusing method, which has potential for use in creating meat-like textures in future food applications.
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| 3. |
- Alevronta, Eleftheria, et al.
(author)
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Dose-response relations for stricture in the proximal oesophagus from head and neck radiotherapy
- 2010
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In: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 97:1, s. 54-59
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and purpose: Determination of the dose-response relations for oesophageal stricture after radiotherapy of the head and neck. Material and methods: In this study 33 patients who developed oesophageal stricture and 39 patients as controls are included. The patients received radiation therapy for head and neck cancer at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. For each patient the 3D dose distribution delivered to the upper 5 cm of the oesophagus was analysed. The analysis was conducted for two periods, 1992-2000 and 2001-2005, due to the different irradiation techniques used. The fitting has been done using the relative seriality model. Results: For the treatment period 1992-2005, the mean doses were 49.8 and 33.4 Gy, respectively, for the cases and the controls. For the period 1992-2000, the mean doses for the cases and the controls were 49.9 and 45.9 Gy and for the period 2001-2005 were 49.8 and 21.4 Gy. For the period 2001-2005 the best estimates of the dose-response parameters are D-50 = 61.5 Gy (52.9-84.9 Gy), gamma = 1.4 (0.8-2.6) and s = 0.1 (0.01-0.3). Conclusions: Radiation-induced strictures were found to have a dose response relation and volume dependence (low relative seriality) for the treatment period 2001-2005. However, no dose response relation was found for the complete material.
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| 6. |
- Josephson, Per-Erik, 1960, et al.
(author)
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Non value-adding costs in building projects: the missing thoughts
- 2002
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In: Proceedings of First International Conference on Construction in the 21st Century: Challenges and Opportunities in Management and Technology, Miami, Florida, USA, 25-26 April 2002. ; , s. 17-24
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 7. |
- Möller, Michael, 1957
(author)
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On the treatment of Achilles tendon rupture. A prospective, randomised study of the results after surgical and non-surgical treatment
- 2001
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Only two prospective, randomised studies have been published on the outcome after treatment for Achilles tendon rupture. The controversy regarding the optimal treatment continues. In the present study, 112 patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture were randomised and all of them were followed up for two years. Fifty-nine patients were treated surgically with end-to-end sutures followed by two weeks of plaster treatment and six weeks of treatment in a brace with increasing range of motion. Fifty-three patients were treated non-surgically with four weeks of plaster in equinus and four weeks in a neutral position. The re-rupture rate was 20.8% in the non-surgical-treatment group and 1.7% in the surgical-treatment group (p=0.001). There were no major surgical complications. A new Achilles Tendon Rupture score including five objective and three subjective parameters did not reveal any significant difference between the treatment groups. The time of return to work and sports did not differ significantly between the treatment groups either. Calf muscle strength was evaluated both for purposes of test-retest reliability in healthy volunteers and for outcome reasons in the clinical study. Isokinetic torque production in concentric and eccentric muscle action in plantar flexion and dorsiflexion at the ankle joint was studied on the right and left sides. Calf muscle endurance was evaluated using a standardised heel-raise test, until fatigue. The reliability test showed acceptable reproducibility for the isokinetic tests and the endurance tests. After treatment for ATR, we found calf muscle hypotrophy, thickening of the Achilles tendon, decreased calf muscle strength and reduced endurance on the injured side throughout the study period. There were, however, no significant differences between the treatment groups. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography detected the same amount of pathological findings during healing in both treatment groups. The correlation between the radiological findings and the clinical parameters was weak.The non-surgical treatment of ATR, which produced treatment failure in every fifth patient, cannot be regarded as acceptable for healthy, active people under the age of 65 years. Surgical treatment followed by early functional rehabilitation is a safe method for the treatment of ATR with a low risk of complications. However, surgical and non-surgical treatments produced equally good medium-term results in the group of patients in whom no rerupture occurred.
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