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- Henriksson, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Associations between body height, body composition and cholesterol levels in middle-aged men. the coronary risk factor study in southern Sweden (CRISS)
- 2001
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In: European Journal of Epidemiology. - 1573-7284. ; 17:6, s. 521-526
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Short body height is associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease; however, mechanisms are not fully explained. In this study, associations between body height and serum cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL cholesterol) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL cholesterol) were investigated. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of middle-aged men from Helsingborg, Sweden starting 1990. Two birth-year cohorts were invited at 37, 40 and 43 years of age; participation at baseline was 991 (68%). Serum and HDL cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured. Non-HDL cholesterol, body mass index (BMI) and waist/ hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. The participants completed a questionnaire covering lifestyle variables. RESULTS: There were statistically significant inverse correlations between body height and serum cholesterol (-0.11) and non-HDL cholesterol (-0.12). One standard deviation, 6.7 cm, taller body height was associated with a lower serum cholesterol (-0.12 mmol/l) and a lower non-HDL cholesterol (-0.13 m mol/l; p < 0.001). These associations remained when adjusted for BMI and WHR. Men with serum cholesterol equal to or above 6.5 mmol/l were significantly shorter (mean 178.71 cm) than men with serum cholesterol below 6.5 mmol/l (mean 179.71 cm). In addition, BMI and WHR were positively associated with serum and non-HDL cholesterol and inversely associated with HDL cholesterol. The change in cholesterol levels over the six-year follow-up was significantly associated to the change in BMI and WHR. CONCLUSIONS: Body height had an independent and inverse relation to serum cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol in middle-aged men, and the lipid pattern suggests that the underlying mechanism might be different from the traditional association between lipids and the metabolic syndrome. Although the direct clinical implication is limited, our results may help to explain the association between short height and risk of myocardial infarction.
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| 2. |
- Henriksson, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Associations between unemployment and cardiovascular risk factors varies with the unemployment rate: the Cardiovascular Risk Factor Study in Southern Sweden (CRISS).
- 2003
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 31:4, s. 305-311
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: To investigate associations between CVD risk factors and socio-economic status (SES) in middle-age men during a period of economic changes. Methods: Crossectional surveys at age 37, 40 and 43 in a birth cohort of men in Helsingborg, Sweden. All male residents born 1953 - 4 (n=1460) were invited; participation rates were 68% (n=991) at baseline. Of these enrolled, 78% (n=770) were re-examined after three years and 71% (n=702) again after six years follow-up. Main outcome measures were body mass index (BMI), S-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), smoking and leisure time physical activity (LTPA), education, employment, ethnicity. Results: Baseline unemployment rate was low, n=23 (2.4%), but three and six years later it had increased to 61 (8.2%) and 51 (7.5%) respectively. At baseline, BMI and S-cholesterol were significantly higher in unemployed than in employed men (ΔBMI 1.6 kg/m2, CI: 0.2; 2.9, Δ S-cholesterol 0.6 mmol/L, CI: 0.1; 1.0), and in men with short versus long education (Δ BMI 0.9 kg/m2, CI: 0.4; 1.4, Δ S-cholesterol 0.2 mmol/L, CI: 0.03: 0.4), independent of other SES factors. Over the study period crossectional associations with employment status disappeared for BMI, but remained between short education and BMI. Short education was also associated with a significant increase in BMI (Δ=0.4 kg/m2, CI: 0.1; 0.7) during 6-year follow-up. Conclusions: This study shows that associations between unemployment and CVD risk factors were lost when unemployment rates increased. When the attributable risk of unemployment associated with CVD risk factors is estimated, it is vital to consider the general unemployment rates in society.
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| 4. |
- Lindblad Berkhout, Anna, et al.
(author)
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The effect of using a laptopstation compared to using a standard laptop PC on the cervical spine torque, perceived strain and productivity
- 2004
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In: Applied Ergonomics. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 35:2, s. 147-152
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this study was to assess the effect of using a laptopstation and a laptop PC and how this difference in work set-up affected the mechanical load on the neck (C7-Th1 segment). the subjective evaluation of strain on the neck and productivity. Ten healthy male students at Umea University, Sweden with in average of 10 years of PC work experience and ail average of 18 months of laptop PC work experience participated in the study. For each research subject measurements were divided into two parts; sitting working at the ErgoQ laptopstation in test situation A, and sitting working at a conventional laptop PC, test situation B. Each part took 4 h and was scheduled on two consecutive days. Photography and biomechanical analysis was used to calculate the torque at the neck. To examine perceived strain the Borg Scale was used and to assess performance a productivity score was calculated. The results in the study demonstrated a significant (p<0.05) difference with the use of the laptopstation resulting in decreased torque at the C7-Th1 segment, less perceived strain at the neck and a higher productivity score. A conclusion, the results of the study confirm the importance of adjustable work tools that recognize anthropometric differences and biomechanics to meet the needs of individual customers during continuous visual display terminal work.
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| 7. |
- Schütz, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Cyanobacterial H2 production - a comparative analysis
- 2004
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In: Planta. ; 218, s. 350-359
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several unicellular and filamentous, nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial strains have been investigated on the molecular and the physiological level in order to find the most efficient organisms for photobiological hydrogen production. These strains were screened for the presence or absence of hup and hox genes, and it was shown that they have different sets of genes involved in H2 evolution. The uptake hydrogenase was identified in all N2-fixing cyanobacteria, and some of these strains also contained the bidirectional hydrogenase, whereas the non-nitrogen fixing strains only possessed the bidirectional enzyme. In N2-fixing strains, hydrogen was mainly produced by the nitrogenase as a by-product during the reduction of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia. Therefore, hydrogen production was investigated both under non-nitogen-fixing conditions and under nitrogen limitation. It was shown that the hydrogen uptake activity is linked tothe nitrogenase activity, wheras the hydrogen evolution activity of the bidirectional hydrogenase is not dependent or even reelated to diazotrophic growth consditions. With regard to large-scale hydrogen evolution by N2-fixing cyanobacteria, hydrogen uptake-decicient mutants have to be used because of their inability to re-oxidize the hydrogen produced by the nitrogenase. On the other hand, fermentative H2 production by directional hydrogenase should also be taken into account inn further investigations of biological hydrogen production.
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