| 1. |
- Hansson, L-A, et al.
(author)
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A synthesis of animal movement across scales
- 2014
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In: Animal Movement Across Scales. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780199677184 ; , s. 259-267
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter aims at synthesizing the knowledge presented in the chapters of the book’s three sections by addressing evolutionary compromises, dispersal, gene flow, and assisted movements. How climate change and other environmental changes at different scales may affect animal movement, migration, and dispersal in the future are also summarized here. Moreover, how the different senses are utilized for navigation and orientation and how these may lead to different movement and migration patterns are also discussed. Finally, how the recent technical revolution has affected animal movement research is addressed and the view on future perspectives of animal movement research is also provided.
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| 2. |
- Dalby, Lars, et al.
(author)
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The status of the Nordic populations of the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) in a changing world
- 2013
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In: Ornis Fennica. - : Finnish Omithological Soc. - 0030-5685. ; 90:1, s. 2-15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dabbling ducks (Anas spp.) are importantmigratory quarry species, protected as a shared resource under international legislation. However, there is a lack of sufficient high-quality data on vital demographic rates and long-term trends in numbers to judge the conservation status of many duck populations at the flyway level. In response to reported declines in the North-West European flyway population of theMallard, we compiled available data on this species in the Nordic countries up to 2010. Generally, national breeding numbers showed increasing trends, wintering abundance showed variable trends, and productivitymeasures indicated stable or increasing trends.Major knowledge gaps were identified, namely the size of hunting bags, the influence of the released Mallards and the role of short-stopping in explaining changing patterns of wintering abundance across the North-West European flyway. Numerically the Nordic breeding population appears in “good condition”, and the wintering numbers have been either stable or increasing in the last two decades. The annual number of releases needs to be determined in order to judge the sustainability of the current levels of exploitation. Overall, none of the indicators showed alarming signs for the Mallard population in the Nordic countries when considered in isolation. However, the widespread decline in wintering numbers elsewhere across North-western Europe requires urgent pan-European action.
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| 3. |
- Dalby, Lars, et al.
(author)
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The status of the Nordic populations of the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) in a changing world
- 2013
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In: Ornis Fennica. - : University of Helsinki. - 0030-5685. ; 90:1, s. 2-15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dabbling ducks (Anas spp.) are important migratory quarry species, protected as a shared resource under international legislation. However, there is a lack of sufficient high-quality data on vital demographic rates and long-term trends in numbers to judge the conservation status of many duck populations at the flyway level. In response to reported declines in the North-West European flyway population of the Mallard, we compiled available data on this species in the Nordic countries up to 2010. Generally, national breeding numbers showed increasing trends, wintering abundance showed variable trends, and productivity measures indicated stable or increasing trends. Major knowledge gaps were identified, namely the size of hunting bags, the influence of the released Mallards and the role of short-stopping in explaining changing patterns of wintering abundance across the North-West European flyway. Numerically the Nordic breeding population appears in "good condition", and the wintering numbers have been either stable or increasing in the last two decades. The annual number of releases needs to be determined in order to judge the sustainability of the current levels of exploitation. Overall, none of the indicators showed alarming signs for the Mallard population in the Nordic countries when considered in isolation. However, the widespread decline in wintering numbers elsewhere across North-western Europe requires urgent pan-European action.
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| 4. |
- Devictor, Vincent, et al.
(author)
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Differences in the climatic debts of birds and butterflies at a continental scale
- 2012
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In: Nature Climate Change. - 1758-6798. ; 2:2, s. 121-124
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Climate changes have profound effects on the distribution of numerous plant and animal species(1-3). However, whether and how different taxonomic groups are able to track climate changes at large spatial scales is still unclear. Here, we measure and compare the climatic debt accumulated by bird and butterfly communities at a European scale over two decades (1990-2008). We quantified the yearly change in community composition in response to climate change for 9,490 bird and 2,130 butterfly communities distributed across Europe(4). We show that changes in community composition are rapid but different between birds and butterflies and equivalent to a 37 and 114 km northward shift in bird and butterfly communities, respectively. We further found that, during the same period, the northward shift in temperature in Europe was even faster, so that the climatic debts of birds and butterflies correspond to a 212 and 135 km lag behind climate. Our results indicate both that birds and butterflies do not keep up with temperature increase and the accumulation of different climatic debts for these groups at national and continental scales.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Dänhardt, Juliana, et al.
(author)
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Farmland as stopover habitat for migrating birds - effects of organic farming and landscape structure
- 2010
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In: Oikos. - : Wiley. - 1600-0706 .- 0030-1299. ; 119:7, s. 1114-1125
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Agricultural intensification in Europe has affected farmland bird populations negatively, both during summer and winter. Although the migratory period poses separate challenges on birds than breeding and wintering, the consequences of farming practices for birds during migration remain poorly investigated. We monitored abundance and species richness of migratory birds in autumn at matched pairs of organic and conventional farms situated either in intensively farmed open plains (homogeneous landscapes) or in small-scale farming landscapes (heterogeneous landscapes) in southern Sweden. Total bird density did not differ between landscape types but was marginally higher on organic compared to conventional farms. When including taxonomic status in the model (passerines vs non-passerines), we found significantly more birds on organic farms, and more non-passerines in the homogeneous landscapes. The effect of farming practice and landscape type on density differed between functional groups. Omnivore density was higher in the homogeneous landscapes, and invertebrate feeders were marginally more abundant on organic farms. The effects of farming practice on the overall species richness and on the density of granivorous birds were landscape dependent. In the homogeneous landscapes, organic farms held a higher number of species and density of granivorous birds than conventional farms, but there was no such difference in the heterogeneous landscapes. Thus, organic farming can enhance abundance and species richness of farmland birds during migration, but the effect differs between landscape types and species. The effectiveness of organic farming was highest in the homogeneous landscape making it important to promote organic farming there. However, for some species during migration, increased heterogeneity in homogeneous landscapes may have negative effects. We propose that migratory bird diversity in homogeneous landscapes may be best preserved by keeping the landscape open, but that a reduced agricultural intensity, such as organic farming, should be encouraged.
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| 7. |
- Green, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Övervakning av fåglarnas populationsutveckling. Årsrapport för 2013.
- 2014
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We present the results of the Swedish Bird Survey, run by the Department of Biology, Lund University, as a part of the National Monitoring Programme of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The results for 2013 include data from 580 winter point count routes in 2012/2013 (38th winter), of which 295 were carried out during the Christmas/New Year count and 273 summer point count routes (39th year). A third programme is running since 1996 with 716 Fixed routes, systematically (semi-randomly) distributed over Sweden (combined line transect and point counts). In total 501 Fixed routes were completed in the summer of 2013 (third best year). In the programme for covering night-active birds (3rd season), 122 routes were covered at three occasions each (March, April and June). Trends were analyzed using TRIM. The geographical distributions of the covered routes are also presented (Fig. 1). In the Christmas/New Year count 2012/2013, about 130,000 individuals of 128 species were counted by 235 observers, which was an increase compared to previous winters. On the point count routes in summer 2013, about 98,000 birds of 200 species were counted by 166 observers. From the Fixed routes 135,000 birds of 219 species were reported by 245 persons. Trend graphs for a large number of species are presented in Fig. 9. More graphs and indices can be found on the homepage (address below). Over the last 10 years, some of the most pronounced declines (at least 4 % per year) are found in Grey Heron, Goldeneye, Common Eider, Goshawk, Willow Ptarmigan, Common Pheasant, Common Coot, Great Black-backed Gull, House Martin, Sand Martin, Siberian Tit, Fieldfare, Redwing, Lesser Whitethroat, the northern subspecies of Willow Warbler, Goldcrest, Waxwing, Common Starling, European Greenfinch, Lapland Longspur, Yellowhammer, Rustic and Reed Bunting. Some of the strongest increases the same period (all more than 4 % per year) are shown by Common Crane, Green Sandpiper, Common Redshank, Eurasian Wryneck, Ring Ouzel, Eurasian Blackcap, Common Chiffchaff (both Swedish ssp.), southern Yellow Wagtail, European Goldfinch and crossbills. The night routes showed generally low figures, except for Tengmalm’s Owls in central Sweden. It was a relatively good year for Nightjar, River Warbler and Blyth’s Reed Warbler, while Common Quail had the lowest index so far. Long-term bird indicators were calculated for Sweden based on summer point counts and the species selection and methods of the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme. Farmland birds (“Vanliga jordbruksfåglar”, 14 species) show a more than 50% decline since 1975. Woodland birds (“Vanliga skogsfåglar”, 21 species) have declined with about 30%, whereas a group of other common birds (“Övriga vanliga fåglar”, 45 species) have declined with about 20%. We also present the corresponding indicators based on the new system with Fixed routes (indices since 1998). A set of official indicators of biodiversity within the national Environmental Objectives (set by the Swedish Parliament) are presented as well (Fig. 6). Since 2002, mountain birds have been doing poorly
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Hansson, Lars-Anders, et al.
(author)
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Waterfowl, macrophytes, and the clear water state of shallow lakes
- 2010
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In: Hydrobiologia. - : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 0018-8158 .- 1573-5117. ; 646:1, s. 101-109
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The importance of lake ecosystems for waterfowl remains a topic of debate. In order to assess how temporal variations in lake features, specifically shifts between alternative stable states, may interact with the waterfowl fauna, we performed a long-term (22 years) study of the shallow Lake Krankesjon, southern Sweden. Lower total numbers of waterfowl occurred during periods with low macrophyte cover and turbid water, than when submersed macrophytes flourished and the water was clear. Some specific functional groups of waterfowl, such as herbivores, invertebrate, and fish feeders, showed a positive relation to clear water and high macrophyte cover. Hence, our data suggest that some migratory waterfowl may select lakes based on water quality, thereby adjusting their large-scale migratory routes. On the other hand, omnivorous waterfowl exhibited their highest abundances during turbid conditions. Furthermore, waterfowl not primarily relying on food from the lake showed no response to fluctuations in turbidity or macrophyte cover, but followed regional trends in population dynamics. In our study lake, L. Krankesjon, we estimated that waterfowl remove less than 3% of the macrophyte biomass during a stable clear-water state with lush macrophyte beds. However, during transition periods between alternative stable states, when macrophyte biomass is lower and the plants already stressed, the consumption rate of waterfowl may have a stronger effect on lake ecosystem functioning.
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| 10. |
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