| 1. |
- Abrego, Nerea, et al.
(author)
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Airborne DNA reveals predictable spatial and seasonal dynamics of fungi
- 2024
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In: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 631, s. 835-842
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fungi are among the most diverse and ecologically important kingdoms in life. However, the distributional ranges of fungi remain largely unknown as do the ecological mechanisms that shape their distributions1,2. To provide an integrated view of the spatial and seasonal dynamics of fungi, we implemented a globally distributed standardized aerial sampling of fungal spores3. The vast majority of operational taxonomic units were detected within only one climatic zone, and the spatiotemporal patterns of species richness and community composition were mostly explained by annual mean air temperature. Tropical regions hosted the highest fungal diversity except for lichenized, ericoid mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi, which reached their peak diversity in temperate regions. The sensitivity in climatic responses was associated with phylogenetic relatedness, suggesting that large-scale distributions of some fungal groups are partially constrained by their ancestral niche. There was a strong phylogenetic signal in seasonal sensitivity, suggesting that some groups of fungi have retained their ancestral trait of sporulating for only a short period. Overall, our results show that the hyperdiverse kingdom of fungi follows globally highly predictable spatial and temporal dynamics, with seasonality in both species richness and community composition increasing with latitude. Our study reports patterns resembling those described for other major groups of organisms, thus making a major contribution to the long-standing debate on whether organisms with a microbial lifestyle follow the global biodiversity paradigms known for macroorganisms4,5.
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| 2. |
- Capo, Eric, et al.
(author)
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Oxygen-deficient water zones in the Baltic Sea promote uncharacterized Hg methylating microorganisms in underlying sediments
- 2022
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In: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 1939-5590 .- 0024-3590. ; 67:1, s. 135-146
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human-induced expansion of oxygen-deficient zones can have dramatic impacts on marine systems and its resident biota. One example is the formation of the potent neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) that is mediated by microbial methylation of inorganic divalent Hg (HgII) under oxygen-deficient conditions. A negative consequence of the expansion of oxygen-deficient zones could be an increase in MeHg production due to shifts in microbial communities in favor of microorganisms methylating Hg. There is, however, limited knowledge about Hg-methylating microbes, i.e., those carrying hgc genes critical for mediating the process, from marine sediments. Here, we aim to study the presence of hgc genes and transcripts in metagenomes and metatranscriptomes from four surface sediments with contrasting concentrations of oxygen and sulfide in the Baltic Sea. We show that potential Hg methylators differed among sediments depending on redox conditions. Sediments with an oxygenated surface featured hgc-like genes and transcripts predominantly associated with uncultured Desulfobacterota (OalgD group) and Desulfobacterales (including Desulfobacula sp.) while sediments with a hypoxic-anoxic surface included hgc-carrying Verrucomicrobia, unclassified Desulfobacterales, Desulfatiglandales, and uncharacterized microbes. Our data suggest that the expansion of oxygen-deficient zones in marine systems may lead to a compositional change of Hg-methylating microbial groups in the sediments, where Hg methylators whose metabolism and biology have not yet been characterized will be promoted and expand.
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| 3. |
- Cavefors, Oscar, et al.
(author)
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Isolated diastolic dysfunction is associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients.
- 2023
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In: Journal of critical care. - : Elsevier BV. - 1557-8615 .- 0883-9441. ; 76
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is important in critically ill patients, but prevalence and impact on mortality is not well studied. We classified intensive care patients with normal left ventricular function according to current diastolic guidelines and explored associations with mortality.Echocardiography was performed within 24h of intensive care admission. Patients with reduced LV ejection fraction, regional wall motion abnormality, or a history of cardiac disease were excluded. Patients were classified according to the 2016 EACVI guidelines, Recommendations for the Evaluation of LV Diastolic Function by Echocardiography.Out of 218 patients, 162 (74%) had normal diastolic function, 21 (10%) had diastolic dysfunction, and 35 (17%) had indeterminate diastolic function. Diastolic dysfunction were more common in female patients, older patients and associated with sepsis, respiratory and cardiovascular comorbidity as well as higher SAPS Score. In a risk-adjusted logistic regression model, patients with indeterminate diastolic dysfunction (OR 4.3 [1.6-11.4], p=0.004) or diastolic dysfunction (OR 5.1 [1.6-16.5], p=0.006) had an increased risk of death at 90days compared to patients with normal diastolic function.Isolated diastolic dysfunction, assessed by a multi-parameter approach, is common in critically ill patients and is associated with mortality.Secondary analysis of data from a single-center prospective observational study focused on systolic dysfunction in intensive care unit patients (Clinical Trials ID: NCT03787810.
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| 4. |
- Cavefors, Oscar, et al.
(author)
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Regional left ventricular systolic dysfunction associated with critical illness: incidence and effect on outcome
- 2021
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In: Esc Heart Failure. - : Wiley. - 2055-5822. ; 8:6, s. 5415-5423
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction can be triggered by non-cardiac disease, such as sepsis, hypoxia, major haemorrhage, or severe stress (Takotsubo syndrome), but its clinical importance is not established. In this study, we evaluate the incidence and impact on mortality of LV dysfunction associated with critical illness. Methods and results In this single-centre, observational study, consecutive patients underwent an echocardiographic examination within 24 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. LV systolic dysfunction was defined as an ejection fraction (EF) < 50% and/or regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA). A cardiologist assessed patients with LV dysfunction for the presence of an acute or chronic cardiac disease, and coronary angiography was performed in high-risk patients. Of the 411 patients included, 100 patients (24%) had LV dysfunction and in 52 (13%) of these patients, LV dysfunction was not attributed to a cardiac disease. Patients with LV dysfunction and non-cardiac disease had higher mortality risk score (Simplified Acute Physiologic Score 3 score), heart rate, noradrenaline doses, and lactate levels as well as decreased EF, stroke volume, and cardiac output compared with patients with normal LV function. Diagnoses most commonly associated with LV dysfunction and non-cardiac disease were sepsis, respiratory insufficiency, major haemorrhage, and neurological disorders. RWMA (n = 40) with or without low EF was more common than global hypokinesia (n = 12) and was reversible in the majority of cases. Twelve patients had a circumferential pattern of RWMA in concordance with Takotsubo syndrome. Crude 30 day mortality was higher in patients with LV dysfunction and non-cardiac disease compared with patients with normal LV function (33% vs. 18%, P = 0.023), but not after risk adjustment (primary outcome) {odds ratio [OR] 1.56 [confidence interval (CI) 0.75-3.39], P = 0.225}. At 90 days, crude mortality was 44% and 22% (P = 0.002), respectively, in these groups. This difference was also significant after risk adjustment [OR 2.40 (CI 1.18-4.88), P = 0.016]. Conclusions Left ventricular systolic dysfunction is commonly triggered by critical illness, is frequently seen as regional hypokinesia, and is linked to an increased risk of death. The prognostic importance of LV dysfunction in critical illness might be underestimated.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Espinosa, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Enhanced social learning of threat in adults with autism
- 2020
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In: Molecular Autism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2040-2392. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Recent theories have linked autism to challenges in prediction learning and social cognition. It is unknown, however, how autism affects learning about threats from others "demonstrators"through observation, which contains predictive learning based on social information. The aims of this study are therefore to investigate social fear learning in individual with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to examine whether typically developing social cognition is necessary for successful observational learning. Methods: Adults with ASD (n = 23) and neurotypical controls (n = 25) completed a social fear learning (SFL) procedure in which participants watched a "demonstrator"receiving electrical shocks in conjunction with a previously neutral conditioned stimulus (CS+), but never with a safe control stimulus (CS-). Skin conductance was used to measure autonomic responses of learned threat responses to the CS+ versus CS-. Visual attention was measured during learning using eye tracking. To establish a non-social learning baseline, each participant also underwent a test of Pavlovian conditioning. Results: During learning, individuals with ASD attended less to the demonstrator's face, and when later tested, displayed stronger observational, but not Pavlovian, autonomic indices of learning (skin conductance) compared to controls. In controls, both higher levels of attention to the demonstrator's face and trait empathy predicted diminished expressions of learning during test. Limitations: The relatively small sample size of this study and the typical IQ range of the ASD group limit the generalizability of our findings to individuals with ASD in the average intellectual ability range. Conclusions: The enhanced social threat learning in individuals with ASD may be linked to difficulties using visual attention and mental state attributions to downregulate their emotion.
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| 7. |
- Gong, Ningping, et al.
(author)
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Roles of leptin in initiation of acquired growth hormone resistance and control of metabolism in rainbow trout
- 2022
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In: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1490 .- 0363-6119. ; 322:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Catabolic conditions often induce concomitant changes in plasma leptin (Lep), growth hormone (GH), and insulin growth factor I (IGF-I) levels in teleost fish, but it is unclear whether these parts of the endocrine system are responding independently or functionally linked. In this study, fasted rainbow trout was used to study the effects of Lep on the GH-IGF-I system and metabolism. Fish were implanted intraperitoneally with recombinant rainbow trout Lep pellets and remained unfed. After 4 days, plasma GH levels were elevated in the Lep-treated fish in a dose-dependent manner; the expression of hepatic igf1 and plasma IGF-I levels were suppressed accordingly. In vitro Lep treatment reversed ovine GH (oGH)-stimulated expression of igf1 and igf2 in hepatocytes isolated from fasted fish, similar to the inhibitory effects of the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 treatment. However, Lep treatment alone had no effect on the expression of igfs or oGH-stimulated ghr2a expression in the hepatocytes. These results demonstrate an additive effect of Lep on suppression of IGF-I under catabolic conditions, indicating that Lep is likely involved in initiation of acquired GH resistance. Although the Lep-implant treatment had no effect on standard metabolic rate, it significantly suppressed gene expression of hepatic hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and glucose 6-phosphatase, which are key enzymes in lipid utilization and gluconeogenesis, in different patterns. Overall, this study indicates that the Lep increase in fasting salmonids is an important regulatory component for physiological adaptation during periods of food deprivation, involved in suppressing growth and hepatic metabolism to spare energy expenditure.
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| 8. |
- Götestrand, Simon, et al.
(author)
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Visualization of wrist ligaments with 3D and 2D magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla
- 2022
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In: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 63:3, s. 368-375
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Wrist ligaments are challenging to visualize using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Injuries involving the scapholunate ligament (SLL), the lunotriquetral ligament (LTL), and the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) are common and difficult to diagnose, often requiring diagnostic arthroscopy. Purpose To compare the visualization of wrist ligaments on a three-dimensional (3D) sequence with two-dimensional (2D) sequences on 3-T MRI. Material and Methods Eighteen healthy volunteers were examined with a 3D SPACE (sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolution) sequence and 2D coronal, axial, and sagittal proton density-weighted (PD) sequences. Four musculoskeletal radiologists graded the anatomical visibility of the SLL, LTL, TFCC, and the image quality, using five grades in a visual grading characteristics (VGC) evaluation. After Bonferroni correction, a P value <= 0.005 was considered statistically significant. Results The 3D images were graded significantly better than the 2D images in the visualization of the dorsal and palmar parts of the SLL and the LTL. Regarding the TFCC, the 3D images were graded significantly better for visualization of the foveal attachment. 2D imaging was not found significantly superior to 3D imaging in any aspect. Conclusion The 3D SPACE sequence was scored as superior to the 2D sequences at 3 T in the assessment of the SLL, the LTL, and the foveal attachment of the TFCC. Thus, 3D SPACE can replace 2D PD sequences when these ligaments need to be assessed.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hartell, Eva, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Informerat samtycke i flerspråkig skolmiljö
- 2021
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In: Lärarnas forskningskonferens 2021. ; , s. 45-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bedömning av transversella färdigheter i STEM (ATSSTEM) är ett innovativt utveckling- och forskningsprojekt med en experimentell design, som syftar till att förbättra digitala bedömningsformer av elevers kunskaper och ämnesövergripande färdigheter inom STEM [matematik, naturvetenskap och teknik]. Detta Erasmus+ projekt bedrivs i grundskolor och gymnasieskolor runt om i Europa och pågår mellan 2019–2022. Haninge kommun och Institutionen för lärande vid Kungliga Tekniska högskolan deltar i ATSSTEM-partnernätverket tillsammans med 11 andra utbildningsinstitutioner som befinner sig på olika nivåer av utbildningssystemet i åtta europeiska länder. Ämnesövergripande undervisningsupplägg med fokus på Agenda 2030 utvecklas och prövas tillsammans med lärare från skolor runt om i Europa. Från Sverige deltar sju grundskolor i Haninge kommun. Frågeställningar - Hur kommunicerar vi informerat samtycke i en flerspråkig miljö? - Hur kan vi kommunicera med vårdnadshavare på andra språk än svenska om potentiella fördelarna och risker med praktiknära skolforskning för deras barn? - Hur kan vi engagera vårdnadshavare med olika språkbakgrund för att få dem att känna sig del av forskningen och förklara vårdnadshavarnas och elevernas rättigheter och de garantier de kan förvänta sig? - Vilka logistik- och kostnadskrav ställer detta på forskargrupper? - Hur resurssätter vi lärare och forskare att kommunicera med vårdnadshavare i flerspråkiga miljöer med avseende på informerat samtycke? Resultat och diskussion I syfte att säkerställa att vårdnadshavare och elever på pilotskolorna kunde tillgodogöra sig innehållet i samtyckesformuläret beslutade projektgruppen att översätta dokumentet till några av de mest förekommande språken i Haninge engelska, arabiska, polska, ryska och turkiska. Vi vill till detta seminarium bjuda in publiken till en dialog där vi diskuterar och delar erfarenheter i den etiskt utmanande frågan om hur man kommunicerar informerat samtycke i en flerspråkig skolmiljö.
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