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- Berezecka-Figacz, Maria, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Hälsa och samhällsbyggnad i undervisningen på Chalmers arkitekturutbildningen
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Den här rapporten är resultatet av den förstudie som genomfördes av Chalmers Arkitektur och Mistra Urban Futures under hösten 2010 på uppdrag av Folkhälsoinstitutet. Förstudien har haft som mål att undersöka möjligheterna att utveckla undervisningsinsatser som betonar kopplingen mellan (folk)hälsa och den byggda miljöns gestaltning och organisation. Rapporten beskriver de insatser som görs i Chalmers arkitekturundervisning idag samt kommer med förslag till hur utbildningen ska kunna hantera hur den byggda miljön kan bidra till invånarnas möjlighet att välja hälsa. Målet är att de förslagna satsningarna ska ge redskap att kunna föra resonemang i undervisningen kring ämnet arkitektur, stadsplanering och hälsa, ge verktyg för att tillämpa sådan kunskap i arkitektur- och planeringsarbete samt vara en vägledning såväl under studenternas projektarbeten som i deras framtida yrkesliv. Undersökningen har utförts genom litteratursökning, intervjuer med kursansvariga lärare, analys av kursprogram samt två workshops. Baserat på detta material och med inspiration från ett exempel på en befintlig utbildning i USA, föreslår vi insatser som kan tillföras arkitekturutbildningen för att på så sätt stärka folkhälsoperspektivet i organiserandet och byggandet av den hållbara staden. Många av de faktorer som påverkar hälsa är sammanhängande och kan med arkitektens arbetssätt förstås integrerat och i sin kontext, och dessutom i ett framtidsperspektiv. Detta gör att arkitekturutbildningen generellt har ett förhållningssätt där folkhälsoaspekter på ett fruktbart sätt kan föras in i utbildningen.
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| 4. |
- Lindholm, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Färdplan för citylogistik : Godstransporter i urbana områden
- 2014
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna rapport är indelad i fem avsnitt. Inledningsvis presenteras problem och målbild. Dessa kapitel syftar till att skapa en bild av den övergripande situationen, förstå varför det är viktigt att arbeta med frågan citylogistik och förklara de mål som satts upp. Därefter presenteras nuläge och förutsättningar. Detta ger en bild av hur situationen ser ut i Sverige idag. Här presenteras även de innovationsdomäner som hanteras i rapporten och aktiviteter sorteras in inom. Milstolpar och tänkbara koncept presenterar inledningsvis en bruttolista på aktiviteter som krävs för att nå målen, men ger sedan en inriktning i form av nästa steg av vilka av dessa aktiviteter som bör prioriteras i nuläget. Förslag på demonstrationsprojekt presenteras följt av en koppling till omvärlden (EU). Färdplanen avslutas med en SWOT analys och tänkbar påverkan samt två appendix: Arbetsprocessen kring färdplanens framtagande, samt Aktivitetslista.
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| 5. |
- Mårtensson, Fredrika, et al.
(author)
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The role of greenery for physical activity play at school grounds
- 2014
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In: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 13:1, s. 103-113
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Greenery is assumed to promote physical activity at school grounds by facilitating open and flexible play situations that engage many children. The role of greenery for school ground activity was investigated at two schools, one of which contained a substantial amount of greenery and the other one little greenery. All in all 197 children from 4th (10-11 years) and 6th grade (12-13 years), were involved in a one week field study, documenting self-reported school ground use, their favourite places and favourite activities and counting their steps by pedometer. The most common school ground activities were related to the use of balls as part of different sports, games and other playful activity. The more extensive green areas belonged to children's favourite places, but were little used, whereas settings with a mix of green and built elements in proximity to buildings were well-used favourites. Physical activity in steps was similar at the two schools, but on average girls got less of the activity they need during recess. Greenery was found important by contributing to settings attractive to visit for girls as well as boys and for younger as well as older children, if located in ways that also supported peer interaction and various games. (C) 2013 Elsevier G'mbH. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Randmaa, Maria, 1957-, et al.
(author)
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SBAR improves communication and safety climate and decreases incident reports due to communication errors in an anaesthetic clinic : a prospective intervention study
- 2014
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In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 4:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: We aimed to examine staff members’ perceptions of communication within and between different professions, safety attitudes and psychological empowerment, prior to and after implementation of the communication tool Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation (SBAR) at an anaesthetic clinic. The aim was also to study whether there was any change in the proportion of incident reports caused by communication errors.Design: A prospective intervention study with comparison group using preassessments and postassessments. Questionnaire data were collected from staff in an intervention (n=100) and a comparison group (n=69) at the anaesthetic clinic in two hospitals prior to (2011) and after (2012) implementation of SBAR. The proportion of incident reports due to communication errors was calculated during a 1-year period prior to and after implementation.Setting: Anaesthetic clinics at two hospitals in Sweden.Participants: All licensed practical nurses, registered nurses and physicians working in the operating theatres, intensive care units and post anaesthesia care units at anaesthetic clinics in two hospitals were invited to participate.Intervention: Implementation of SBAR in an anaesthetic clinic.Primary and secondary outcomes: The primary outcomes were staff members’ perception of communication within and between different professions, as well as their perceptions of safety attitudes. Secondary outcomes were psychological empowerment and incident reports due to error of communication.Results: In the intervention group, there were statistically significant improvements in the factors “Between-group communication accuracy” (p=0.039) and “Safety climate” (p=0.011). The proportion of incident reports due to communication errors decreased significantly (p<0.0001) in the intervention group, from 31% to 11%.Conclusions: Implementing the communication tool SBAR in anaesthetic clinics was associated with improvement in staff members’ perception of communication between professionals and their perception of the safety climate as well as with a decreased proportion of incident reports related to communication errors.
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- Aliasgharzad, Nasser, et al.
(author)
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Acidification of a sandy grassland favours bacteria and disfavours fungal saprotrophs as estimated by fatty acid profiling
- 2010
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In: Soil Biology & Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717. ; 42:7, s. 1058-1064
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have investigated the structure of a microbial community in semi-natural sandy grassland in southeast Sweden. The sand is rich in lime, but in most places the soil is decalcified in the upper layers, and therefore this site shows a large variation in pH within short distances. We collected samples at three different soil depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm) and found the pH to range from 5 to 8 in the topsoil and from 4.5 to 9.5 in the deepest layer. The abundance of saprophytic fungi and bacteria was investigated using signature phospholipid fatty acids and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) using the neutral lipid fatty acid 16:1 omega 5. The PLFA pattern of the topsoil was different from that in the other two layers, as indicated by principal component analysis. The saprotrophic fungi were associated with high pH, and bacteria with low pH in these sandy soils. No relation was found between pH and AMF in the topsoil, while a positive relation was found in the deepest soil layer. The saprophytic fungi-to-bacteria ratio was constant with depth, while the AMF-to-bacteria ratio increased with soil depth. The results showed that high soil pH favoured fungal saprophytes in sandy grasslands and that AMF are relatively more abundant than the other two groups in deeper soil layers: particularly so when the pH is high. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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