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| 2. |
- Ahrén, Bo, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of GLP-1 effects on beta-cell function after meal ingestion in humans.
- 2003
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In: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1935-5548 .- 0149-5992. ; 26:10, s. 2860-2864
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE—Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin that augments insulin secretion after meal intake and is developed for treatment of type 2 diabetes. As a novel therapeutic agent, characteristics of its β-cell effects are important to establish. Previously, β-cell effects of GLP-1 have been characterized in humans during graded intravenous infusions of glucose, whereas its effects after more physiological stimuli, like meal intake, are not known. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Eight women (aged 69 years, fasting glucose 3.7–10.3 mmol/l, BMI 22.4–43.9 kg/m2) who had fasted overnight were served a breakfast (450 kcal) with intravenous infusion of saline or synthetic GLP-1 (0.75 pmol · kg–1 · min–1), and β-cell function was evaluated by estimating the relationship between glucose concentration and insulin secretion (calculated by deconvolution of C-peptide data). RESULTS—GLP-1 markedly augmented insulin secretion, despite lower glucose. Total insulin secretion was 29.7 ± 4.2 nmol/m2 with GLP-1 versus 21.0 ± 1.6 nmol/m2 with saline (P = 0.048). GLP-1 increased the dose-response relationship between glucose concentration and insulin secretion (70 ± 26 with GLP-1 versus 38 ± 16 pmol insulin · min−1 · m2 · mmol−1 glucose · l without, P = 0.037) and augmented the potentiation factor that modulates the dose response (2.71 ± 0.42 with GLP-1 versus 0.97 ± 0.17 without, P = 0.005). The potentiation factor correlated to GLP-1 concentration (r = 0.53, P < 0.001); a 10-fold increase in GLP-1 levels produced a twofold increase in the potentiation factor. These effects of GLP-1 did not correlate with fasting glucose levels or BMI. CONCLUSIONS—Administration of GLP-1 along with ingestion of a meal augments insulin secretion in humans by a dose-dependent potentiation of the dose-response relationship between plasma glucose and insulin secretion.
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| 3. |
- Hollowell, J, et al.
(author)
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The incidence of bleeding complications associated with warfarin treatmentin general practice in the United Kingdom
- 2003
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In: British Journal of General Practice. - 0960-1643 .- 1478-5242. ; 53:489, s. 312-314
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to estimate and explore the incidence of warfarin-related bleeding in a representative sample of patients in the United Kingdom. We identified 3958 patients aged 40 to 84 years, newly treated with warfarin and with no prior history of bleeding from the General Practice Research Database, and followed them for 12 months. The overall incidence of first-time, idiopathic bleeding was 15.2 per 100 patient-years of current warfarin exposure: the incidence of fatal/hospitalised and referred bleeding was 3.5 and 2.6 per 100 patient-years, respectively.
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| 4. |
- Mari, J, et al.
(author)
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Vector ARMA estimation : A reliable subspace approach
- 2000
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In: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. - 1053-587X .- 1941-0476. ; 48:7, s. 2092-2104
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A parameter estimation method for finite dimensional multivariate linear stochastic systems, which is guaranteed to produce valid models approximating the true underlying system in a computational time of a polynomial order in the system dimension, is presented. This is achieved by combining the main features of certain stochastic subspace identification techniques with sound matrix Schur restabilizing procedures and multivariate covariance fitting, both of which are formulated as linear matrix inequality problems. all aspects of the identification method are discussed, with an emphasis on the two issues mentioned above, and examples of the overall performance are provided for two different systems.
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| 5. |
- Mari, J, et al.
(author)
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Vector ARMA estimation: A reliable subspace approach
- 2000
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In: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1053-587X. ; 48:7, s. 2092-2104
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A parameter estimation method for finite dimensional multivariate linear stochastic systems, which is guaranteed to produce valid models approximating the true underlying system in a computational time of a polynomial order in the system dimension, is pre
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| 7. |
- Ruigómez, A, et al.
(author)
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Natural history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease diagnosed in general practice
- 2004
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In: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 20:7, s. 751-760
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background : Cross-sectional studies indicate that gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms have a prevalence of 10–20% in Western countries and are associated with obesity, smoking, oesophagitis, chest pain and respiratory disease. Aim : To determine the natural history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease presenting in primary care in the UK. Methods : Patients with a first diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease during 1996 were identified in the UK General Practice Research Database and compared with age- and sex-matched controls. We investigated the incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, potential risk factors and comorbidities, and relative risk for subsequent oesophageal complications and mortality. Results : The incidence of a gastro-oesophageal reflux disease diagnosis was 4.5 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval: 4.4–4.7). Prior use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, smoking, excess body weight and gastrointestinal and cardiac conditions were associated with an increased risk of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease diagnosis. Subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease had an increased risk of respiratory problems, chest pain and angina in the year after diagnosis, and had a relative risk of 11.5 (95% confidence interval: 5.9–22.3) of being diagnosed with an oesophageal complication. There was an increase in mortality in the gastro-oesophageal reflux disease cohort only in the year following the diagnosis. Conclusions : Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is a disease associated with a range of potentially serious oesophageal complications and extra-oesophageal diseases.
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| 8. |
- Sellerberg, Ann Mari, et al.
(author)
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Fashion
- 2002
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In: International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. ; On line
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Fashion's universal nature does not preclude strong variations in its significance from society to society. As a stratification variable, fashion's importance increases in step with economic growth. Simmel sees the ‘need for distinction’ and the ‘need for union’ as preconditions for fashion, with certain societies lacking the necessary motivation. Variations in fashion's importance have also been tied to women's standing in society; according to Veblen, their role was to be vicarious consumers and thus vehicles of fashion. There are numerous theories on what drives fashion's continuous changes. The theory of social differentiation argues that fashion is based on class, the upper classes abandoning a fashion once it has trickled down to the lower classes. The theory of fashion's internal dynamic contends that changes are powered by an Eigendynamik in fashion; Nedelmann develops the idea of the inherently contradictory nature of fashion. The theory that fashion is a manifestation of the expression for other social change is a variant of spirit of the age theory. Different system theories analyze the influence of the different elements of the fashion system. Trickle-down theory has been criticized by system theorists for failing to take into account the complex organizational and marketing structures that mediate fashion. Arguing for a violation of convention theory, Campbell has identified peripheral groups such as bohemians and artists—not the upper class of social differentiation theory—as setting fashion in motion by defying convention. Fashion offers a means of psychological expression, but also a social expression of protest. A number of researchers see distinct cycles in fashion. However, the transient symbols of what is right at a given moment can never be nailed down in advance, making unpredictability the decisive characteristic of fashion.
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| 9. |
- Sellerberg, Ann Mari, et al.
(author)
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Fashion, Sociology of
- 2001
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In: International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. ; , s. 5411-5415
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Fashion's universal nature does not preclude strong variations in its significance from society to society. As a stratification variable, fashion's importance increases in step with economic growth. Simmel sees the ‘need for distinction’ and the ‘need for union’ as preconditions for fashion, with certain societies lacking the necessary motivation. Variations in fashion's importance have also been tied to women's standing in society; according to Veblen, their role was to be vicarious consumers and thus vehicles of fashion. There are numerous theories on what drives fashion's continuous changes. The theory of social differentiation argues that fashion is based on class, the upper classes abandoning a fashion once it has trickled down to the lower classes. The theory of fashion's internal dynamic contends that changes are powered by an Eigendynamik in fashion; Nedelmann develops the idea of the inherently contradictory nature of fashion. The theory that fashion is a manifestation of the expression for other social change is a variant of spirit of the age theory. Different system theories analyze the influence of the different elements of the fashion system. Trickle-down theory has been criticized by system theorists for failing to take into account the complex organizational and marketing structures that mediate fashion. Arguing for a violation of convention theory, Campbell has identified peripheral groups such as bohemians and artists—not the upper class of social differentiation theory—as setting fashion in motion by defying convention. Fashion offers a means of psychological expression, but also a social expression of protest. A number of researchers see distinct cycles in fashion. However, the transient symbols of what is right at a given moment can never be nailed down in advance, making unpredictability the decisive characteristic of fashion.
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