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- Hammar, Ingela, 1964, et al.
(author)
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New observations on input to spino-cervical tract neurons from muscle afferents.
- 1994
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In: Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale. - 0014-4819. ; 100:1, s. 1-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Peripheral input to spino-cervical tract (SCT) neurons located in the L4 and L5 segments of the cat spinal cord was investigated using both extracellular and intracellular recording. The main aim was to find out whether midlumbar SCT neurons are excited monosynaptically not only by cutaneous afferents but also by group II muscle afferents, as in the sacral segments but apparently not in the caudal lumbar segments. Input from group II muscle afferents was found in 73% of investigated neurons; the latencies of excitation by group II afferents were compatible with a monosynaptic coupling between these afferents and 62% of neurons. The majority of the midlumbar SCT neurons were excited by group II afferents of the quadriceps and deep peroneal nerves. The predominant monosynaptic input from cutaneous afferents to the same neurons was from the saphenous nerve.
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| 2. |
- Abugabbara, Marwan, et al.
(author)
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A simulation model for the design and analysis of district systems with simultaneous heating and cooling demands
- 2022
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In: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442. ; 261, Part A
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Latest generations of district heating and cooling systems are characterised by low network temperature with uninsulated pipes, decentralised heat pumps and chillers to modulate the network temperature, and shared energy flows between interconnected buildings. This paper presents a simulation model for the design and analysis of these systems. The model was developed using the Modelica language and it consists of component models from thermal, fluid, and control domains. The model was employed to simulate and analyse the first existing Swedish district system with simultaneous heating and cooling demands and bidirectional energy flows. The system currently connects nine buildings with total respective annual heating and cooling demands of 4.2 and 1.2 GWh. Simulation results revealed several benefits for integrating district and heat pump technologies, including (1) sharing energy flows between interconnected buildings to cover 40 % of the total carried heat in the network, (2) reducing the total purchased energy by 69 % compared to a traditional four-pipe district system, and (3) reducing distribution losses by 28 % compared to traditional networks with insulated pipes. The model can be utilised to support future research and development of new advanced district heating and cooling systems.
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| 3. |
- Culasso, F, et al.
(author)
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To what extent can a business model be disclosed in the integrated report
- 2018
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper aims to explore weather and to what extent a Business Model (BM) can be consolidated within the Integrated Reporting (IR) through the explication of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) implemented by the organization. A longitudinal and explanatory case study was realized by focusing on an Italian listed public utility, operating in the electricity sector, which has recently implemented the IR and has adopted the BSC for internal managerial purposes for several years. Findings were analyzed through the lens of the BM definitions and theory, in conjunction with the attitude of Performance Measurement/Management Systems - such as the BSC - to adequately describe BMs. This paper unveils how the general pressure from financial markets to deeply disclose also non-financial information, and among this the adopted BM, finds a limit to its full applicability. Organizations still show resistance to fully communicating their competitive advantages and how their managers are responsible for the medium- to long-term goals. Findings reveal that the change in corporate reporting practices, achieved over time through the implementation of IR, does not completely force the top management to disclose the BM of the organization by communicating the internally adopted BSC to the market.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Klarbring, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Theory of Residual Stresses with Application to an Arterial Geometry
- 2007
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In: Archives of Mechanics. - 0373-2029. ; 59:4-5, s. 341-364
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a theory of residual stresses, with applications to biomechanics, especially to arteries. For a hyperelastic material, we use an initial local deformation tensor K as a descriptor of residual strain. This tensor, in general, is not the gradient of a global deformation, and a stress-free reference configuration, denoted B¯, therefore, becomes incompatible. Any compatible reference configuration B0 will, in general, be residually stressed. However, when a certain curvature tensor vanishes, there actually exists a compatible and stress-free configuration, and we show that the traditional treatment of residual stresses in arteries, using the opening–angle method, relates to such a situation. Boundary value problems of nonlinear elasticity are preferably formulated on a fixed integration domain. For residually stressed bodies, three such formulations naturally appear: (i) a formulation relating to B0 with a non-Euclidean metric structure; (ii) a formulation relating to B0 with a Euclidean metric structure; and (iii) a formulation relating to the incompatible configuration B¯. We state these formulations, show that (i) and (ii) coincide in the incompressible case, and that an extra term appears in a formulation on B¯, due to the incompatibility.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- O'Born, Reyn, et al.
(author)
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Sustainability review of Norwegian road construction and infrastructure
- 2018
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In: 1st International Conference on Sustainable Mega Infrastructures - SMI 2018.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Effective and efficient road transportation in Norway is a continuing concern. The growth in population and the continuing need for better infrastructure to serve this population propel the growth of road construction. Roads will continue to occupy the most prominent place in the Norwegian transport puzzle as the most commonly used form of transport by both people and goods today. The quadrennial National Transport Plan guides large scale transport planning in Norway and has recently included national CO2 emissions reductions targets for all new road infrastructure and construction. At the same time, the investment in Norwegian road infrastructure is at an all-time high, as authorities seek to modernize the Norwegian road network through megaprojects, such as the Ferry Free E39. This increase in investment and construction will inevitably lead to an increase in resource consumption and emissions without wise planning decisions, smart material choices and the use of sustainability assessment tools. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is one such tool that is used to measure environmental impacts of infrastructure and construction processes, including climate change emissions. To what extent LCA is already used in Norwegian road planning and what lessons can be learned from earlier studies that can apply to today’s megaprojects are of interest to road builders if emissions reduction goals are to be taken seriously. The purpose of this paper is to determine the state-of-the-art of Norwegian road LCA and determine in which direction Norwegian research should move. The first section of the paper looks at the overarching conditions for Norwegian road construction in terms of planning, trends, and policy; the second section looks at relevant LCA studies on Norwegian roads, while the third section looks at possible research paths which should be followed to better assess and reduce the impacts of emissions in road infrastructure.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Rydberg, Mattias, et al.
(author)
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Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for compression neuropathy: a longitudinal cohort study from southern Sweden
- 2020
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In: BMJ open diabetes research & care. - : BMJ. - 2052-4897. ; 8:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction Compression neuropathies (CN) in the upper extremity, the most common being carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and ulnar nerve entrapment (UNE), are frequent among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Earlier studies have shown contradicting results regarding DM as a risk factor for CN. Thus, the aim of the present population-based, longitudinal study was to explore potential associations between DM, CTS, and UNE during long-term follow-up. Research design and methods A total of 30 466 participants aged 46–73 years, included in the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer Study during 1991–1996, were followed up in Swedish national registries regarding incident CTS and UNE until 2016. Associations between prevalent DM at baseline and incident CTS or UNE were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for baseline confounders, such as sex, age at study entry, smoking, hypertension, use of antihypertensive treatment, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI). HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels had been measured at baseline in a subgroup of 5508 participants and were related to incident CTS and UNE in age and sex-adjusted binary logistic regression models. Results A total of 1081 participants developed CTS and 223 participants developed UNE during a median follow-up of 21 years. Participants with incident CTS or UNE had higher prevalence of DM and higher BMI at baseline. Using multivariate Cox regression models, prevalent DM at baseline was independently associated with both incident CTS (HR 2.10; 95% CI 1.65 to 2.70, p<0.0001) and incident UNE (HR 2.20; 95% CI 1.30 to 3.74, p=0.003). Higher levels of HbA1c and plasma glucose were associated with an increased risk for CTS, but not for UNE. Conclusion This study establishes DM as a major risk factor in the development of both CTS and UNE. Furthermore, a higher BMI is associated with both CTS and UNE. Finally, hyperglycemia seems to affect the median and ulnar nerves differently.
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