| 1. |
- Bomb, Christian, et al.
(author)
-
Biofuels for Transport in Europe: Lessons from Germany and the UK
- 2007
-
In: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6777 .- 0301-4215. ; 35:4, s. 2256-2267
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The utilisation of biofuels is attracting growing support from the European Union and member states as a strategy to tackle climate change, enhance energy security, and contribute to regional development. This paper describes, compares, and analyses the markets for biofuels in Germany and the UK. The introduction of biofuels for transport in these member states provides contrasting pictures, and the success or failure of biofuels here is pertinent to the development and diffusion of biofuels across Europe. This paper concentrates on the socio-political context for the biofuels industry in Germany and the UK, discusses the lessons learned from the German and British experiences, and presents general conclusions for policy-makers that are predominantly relevant for the early stages of a biofuels industry. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 2. |
- Boutin, Jean Philippe, et al.
(author)
-
Alternative energy sources in transition countries. The case of bio-energy in the Ukraine
- 2006
-
In: Environmental Engineering and Management Journal. - 1582-9596. ; 5:3, s. 471-486
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the transition to a market economy, many countries with a planned economy in Central and Eastern Europe face similar challenges when the established socio-economic systems and infrastructures deemed inefficient in a market economy. Also new issues are being raised by the trends of globalization and the vision of sustainable development. In the energy sector the challenges raised by the Kyoto Protocol and its implementation mechanisms are especially interesting, because they are intertwined with other socioeconomic sectors. This paper addresses the challenges in the energy sector for transition countries, taking the case of bio-energy in the Ukraine as a prime example of a country undergoing major changes in its economic structures. Given the large potential for bio-energy development in the Ukraine, the current dependence on imported energy resources which threatens the Ukraine’s energy security, and the economic, social and environmental benefits associated with bio-energy, this paper investigates drivers and barriers to an increased use of bio-energy in the Ukraine. The paper was written by a group of MSc students of the International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics at Lund University during a field trip to Kiev city and the Lviv region in Ukraine. The field trip has been supported by the Swedish Institute.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Farinelli, Ugo, et al.
(author)
-
"White and Green": Comparison of market-based instruments to promote energy efficiency
- 2005
-
In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 13:10-11, s. 1015-1026
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The "White and Green'' project completed under the EU SAVE Programme reviewed policies and measures to promote energy efficiency, which involved analysing the experience with instruments that are already implemented, and assessing innovative instruments that are proposed. In particular, the practicability of using ''White Certificates" energy efficiency) along the same lines as "Green Certificates" (renewable energy) was explored. Several of the policies. and measures, were simulated using technical-economic model of the MARKAL family. The results show that by 2020 it is possible to increase energy effiency by 15% at no cost without taking externalities into account. If externalities are considered, an increase of 30-35% with respect to the business-as-usual scenario is justified. The wealth of information obtained through the models and analysis provides a set of recommendations for policy-makers including: (1) the need for closer co-ordination between energy policies and environmental and climate policies; (2) the opportunity to establish more ambitious targets for energy efficiency; (3) the scope for increased EU co-ordination; (4) the extension of White Certificates to the medium and low energy-intensive industries; (5) the need to support White Certificates with accompanying actions, such as running information campaigns, promoting energy service companies, and, providing dedicated credit lines; (6) the need to develop similar instruments for transport and(7) the continuing need for energy research and development. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
|
|
| 5. |
- Farinelli, Ugo, et al.
(author)
-
"White and Green": Conclusions and Recommendations
- 2005
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The move towards the liberalisation of the energy markets in the whole world and the general shift from command-and-control to market mechanisms bring forward new ways of stimulating initiatives to increase the efficiency in the final uses of energy and demand-side management. In the past, energy policies were implemented in most countries by direct action of the governments through state monopolies, prescriptive legislation and in some cases incentives. With the progressive advent of liberalisation of the energy market and privatisation of state companies, the emphasis has shifted toward a regulation of the market that introduces economic corrections to take into account collective interests (such as externalities) and long-term objectives, which generally are not taken into due account by market forces in the absence of corrective measures. Policies based on incentives have also shown their limits. As they rarely use market forces effectively, the results obtained tend to have a higher cost than necessary and they may bring to a non-optimal development of new technology. Recently, the emergence of other problems - as shown by the power crisis in Sweden, the insufficient assurance given by the system to security of supply, some concerns about the quality of the service - have prompted a reconsideration of the regulation of the energy market. In this context, it is important to consider the ways in which the increase of the share of energy supplied by renewable sources and the increase in the efficiency of energy utilisation can be promoted. These two measures are considered the mainframe of any sustainable energy strategy and necessary steps to contrast the threats of climate change.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Huang, H., et al.
(author)
-
Biogas in China
- 2009
-
In: Bioenergy International.
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
|
|
| 8. |
- Johansson, Thomas B, et al.
(author)
-
The Potentials of Renewable Energy
- 2006
-
In: Renewable Energy: A Global Review of Technologies, Policies, and Markets. - 9781844072613
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedRenewable energy flows are very large in comparison with humankind’s use of energy. Therefore, in principle, all our energy needs, both now and into the future, can be met by energy from renewable sources. Technologies exist that convert renewable energy flows to modern energy carriers or directly into desired energy services. Technological development during the last decade has resulted in modern renewable energy supply becoming competitive in many situations. Further technological development and industrial learning will continue to bring costs down. When environmental costs and security of supply considerations are included, renewable energy has even wider markets. With decisive efforts to speed up this dissemination, all human energy needs could be met by rerouting a small fraction of naturally occurring renewable energy flows within a century.
|
|
| 9. |
- Lamers, Patrick, et al.
(author)
-
The emerging liquid biofuel market in Argentina: Implications for domestic demand and international trade
- 2008
-
In: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6777 .- 0301-4215. ; 36:4, s. 1479-1490
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While the world's transport energy matrix is still strongly linked to limited and heavily polluting fossil fuels, new markets are appearing for the production and use of alternative transport fuels, such as liquid biofuels. Due to an interconnected global economy, such markets today are developing oil a global scale with actors looking to meet local as well as potential international demand. The aim of this paper is to describe and evaluate the emergence of markets for liquid biofuels in Argentina. It reveals that biodiesel production for international supply is likely to emerge in the short run (tip to 2010), giving the opportunity to be switched back to local supply in the medium run (post-2010). It also suggests that a bioethanol market (demand and supply) does not seem to be likely in the short run, and it is highly uncertain in the medium run as the most influential actors oppose its development. Oil the other hand, the current constellations of the biodiesel market appear to leave many uncertainties regarding its sustainability, especially in regard to a limited role of small and medium sized enterprises, and a suitable and diversified biodiesel feedstock. Currently, the focus lies solely oil (very) large-scale production of biodiesel derived from soybean oil for the export market.
|
|
| 10. |
- McCormick, Kes
(author)
-
Advancing Bioenergy in Europe: Exploring bioenergy systems and socio-political issues
- 2007
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis concentrates on bioenergy (or biomass utilised for heat, electricity and fuels for transport) as a renewable energy with significant potentials and options. Biomass can be considered as 'stored' solar energy because the process of photosynthesis 'captures' energy from the sun in growing plants. Bioenergy systems under the 'right' conditions can greatly contribute to climate mitigation, improved energy security conditions, maintenance of robust agricultural and forestry sectors, and industrial growth and greater exports. The opportunities for exploiting bioenergy in Europe are considerable, a range of conversion technologies exists, and the European Union and some Member States have adopted supportive policy measures. However, the European Union is not expected to meet its own targets for bioenergy. This thesis explores the implementation of bioenergy systems in Europe focusing on socio-political issues. The purpose is to improve understanding of key drivers and barriers for bioenergy, and experiences of supportive (and disruptive) policies and actions.
|
|
