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- af Wåhlberg, Anders, 1965-
(author)
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The Prediction of Traffic Accident Involvement from Driving Behavior
- 2006
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of the studies was to predict individual traffic accident involvement by the quantification of driving style in terms of speed changes, using bus drivers as subjects. An accident database was constructed from the archives of the bus company whose drivers were used as subjects. The dependent variable was also discussed regarding whether responsibility for crashes should be included, and what time period to use for optimal prediction. A new theory was constructed about how accidents are caused by driver behavior, more specifically the control movements of the driver, i.e. all actions taken which influence the relative motion of the vehicle in a level plane when v>0. This theory states that all traffic safety related behavior can be measured as celerations (change of speed of the vehicle in any direction of a level plane) and summed. This theoretical total sum is a measure of a person's liability to cause accidents over the same time period within a homogenous traffic environment and a similarly homogenous driving population. Empirically, the theory predicts a positive correlation between mean driver celeration behavior and accident record. The theory was tested in three empirical studies. The first tested equipment and methods, the second studied the question whether driver celeration behavior is stable over time. Celeration behavior turned out to be rather variable between days, and repeated measurements were therefore needed to stabilize the measure. In the third study, a much larger amount of data brought out correlations of sizes sufficient to lend some credibility to the theory. However, the predictive power did not extend beyond two years of time. The reported results would seem to imply that the celeration variable can predict accident involvement (at least for bus drivers), and is practical to use, as it is easily and objectively measured and semi-stable over time.
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- Elmund, Anna Mi Ra, 1967-
(author)
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Overrepresentation of Internationally Adopted Adolescents in Swedish §12-institutions
- 2007
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In order to study internationally adopted delinquents, internationally adopted controls, delinquent controls and an additional group of healthy non-adopted, non-delinquent controls, the following tests were used: WISC/WAIS, TOL, WCST, a questionnaire, I think I am, ISSI, an attachment test, KSP, and SCL-90. In the register study, data were obtained from the registers of The National Board of Health and Welfare and Statistics Sweden and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models. Odds ratios (OR) for different forms of out-of-home care placements were calculated.It was found that the adopted delinquents had a significantly lower full scale IQ (WISC/WAIS) and significantly lower results on several measurements in the WISC /WAIS compared to the adopted controls. In addition, both groups of adoptees scored low in the WISC/WAIS subscale arithmetics when compared to the population mean. The adopted delinquents clearly had disruptive and infectious relations to their parents which was demonstrated in I think I am, ISSI, the attachment test and the questionnaire. The adopted controls demonstrated good relations to adoptive parents. When personality and self-perception were measured and analyzed in a two-way ANOVA, the results clearly pointed to ”delinquency” as the explaining factor to the variance of the results as opposed to ”adoption”. Finally, the regression analyses of the register data demonstrated an OR of 3.0 (after adjustments for age and sex) for placements of intercountry adoptees in residental care from age 10 and an OR of 5.1 in model 2 (after adjustments for socio-demographic background variables). More over, higher child age at adoption, origin from Latin America, single parent adoption and maternal age above 35 at birth of the child were identified as significant predictors of out-of-home care from age 10.
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- Elmund, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Relation problems in internationally adopted juvenile delinquents
- 2007
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In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 112:1, s. 105-121
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Internationally adopted delinquents are overrepresented in juvenile Swedish institutions. With the purpose of investigating possible reasons for this overrepresentation, this study compared adopted delinquent adolescents and internationally adopted controls in the structure and functioning of their current relations, especially with their parents. Methods: Internationally adopted adolescents admitted to institutional care (N=20) and non-delinquent internationally adopted controls (N=21) were compared through: a questionnaire; "family relations", a subscale in I think I am; "Family climate" ( from Karolinska Scale of Personality); Individual Schedule of Social Interaction; and an Attachment Test. Results: Bad relations with adoptive parents were more prevalent in internationally adopted delinquents compared to internationally adopted controls. Furthermore, the adopted delinquents and their parents blamed each other for the problems and the adopted delinquents reported physical and emotional abuse. Conclusions: Internationally adopted delinquents reported more problems in their relationships to their parents than adopted controls did.
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- Forster, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Charlie och Komet : utvärdering av två lärarprogram för elever med beteendeproblem
- 2005
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I de flesta klasser finns det elever med beteendeproblem. Dessa elever beskrivs ofta som svåra att undervisa, de kräver lärarens oavbrutna uppmärksamhet och uppfattas rent allmänt som besvärliga. Att tidigt uppvisa beteendeproblem innebär samtidigt ökad risk för olika typer av svårigheter senare i livet. Denna rapport utvärderar hur två lärarbaserade program kan hjälpa dessa elever. Resultaten baseras på 135 lärare från 63 skolor med elever i årskurs 1 och 2. Lärarna rekryterades under tre på varandra följande terminer. Lärarna fördelades slumpmässigt till utbildning i programmet KOMET eller CHARLIE. En del av lärarna som fick CHARLIE fick vänta i sex månader innan utbildningen påbörjades. På så sätt kunde effekterna av programmen jämföras med utvecklingen i en klass utan program. Från varje klass valdes en elev med beteendeproblem ut, det vill säga 135 elever. Denna rapport handlar om programmens effekter för dessa elever. Lärarskattningar, kamratskattningar, självskattningar och observationer genomfördes efter randomiseringen, efter sex månader och efter 14 månader. Resultaten visar inga statistiskt säkerställda skillnader mellan grupperna efter sex månader. Efter 14 månader hade eleverna i KOMET-gruppen mindre beteendeproblem, i synnerhet hyperaktivitet. De hade även mindre kamratproblem. KOMET hade även positiva effekter på lärarnas beteenden efter 14 månader. Det var drygt dubbelt så stor chans att en elev i KOMETgruppen skulle bedömas som ett lyckat fall efter 14 månader jämfört med en elev i CHARLIEgruppen.
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- Fredrikson, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Regeringens storsatsning mot psykisk ohälsa äventyrar patientsäkerheten
- 2009
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In: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm : Sveriges läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 106:13, s. 946-947
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Regeringens rehabiliteringsgaranti kan få förödande konsekvenser för tilltron till kognitiv beteendeterapi som behandlingsmetod och för den enskilda patienten som tror sig få KBT av en kompetent behandlare. Orsaken är regeringens lågt ställda krav på behandlarnas kompetens. Rehabiliteringsgarantin bör omformuleras, anser nio KBT-företrädare.
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