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- Kooij, J. J. S., et al.
(author)
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Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD
- 2019
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In: European psychiatry. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 56, s. 14-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood that often persists into adulthood and old age. Yet ADHD is currently underdiagnosed and undertreated in many European countries, leading to chronicity of symptoms and impairment, due to lack of, or ineffective treatment, and higher costs of illness.MethodsThe European Network Adult ADHD and the Section for Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across the Lifespan (NDAL) of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), aim to increase awareness and knowledge of adult ADHD in and outside Europe. This Updated European Consensus Statement aims to support clinicians with research evidence and clinical experience from 63 experts of European and other countries in which ADHD in adults is recognized and treated.ResultsBesides reviewing the latest research on prevalence, persistence, genetics and neurobiology of ADHD, three major questions are addressed: (1) What is the clinical picture of ADHD in adults? (2) How should ADHD be properly diagnosed in adults? (3) How should adult ADHDbe effectively treated?ConclusionsADHD often presents as a lifelong impairing condition. The stigma surrounding ADHD, mainly due to lack of knowledge, increases the suffering of patients. Education on the lifespan perspective, diagnostic assessment, and treatment of ADHD must increase for students of general and mental health, and for psychiatry professionals. Instruments for screening and diagnosis of ADHD in adults are available, as are effective evidence-based treatments for ADHD and its negative outcomes. More research is needed on gender differences, and in older adults with ADHD.
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| 2. |
- Boyadjiev, Stefan I., et al.
(author)
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Study of the electrochromic properties of MAPLE and PLD deposited WO3 thin films
- 2017
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin films were grown by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and their properties were investigated for electrochromic applications. The structure, morphology and optical properties of these MAPLE and PLD grown from monoclinic WO3 nano-sized particles WO3 thin films were also studied. A KrF* excimer (λ=248 nm, ζFWHM=25 ns) laser source was used in all experiments. The films were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Cyclic voltammetry measurements were also performed in glove box with Ar atmosphere towards Li electrode, and the coloring and bleaching states were investigated. The morpho-structural investigations disclosed the synthesis of single-phase monoclinic WO3 films consisting of crystalline nano-grains embedded in an amorphous matrix. All thin films showed good electrochromic properties - strong coloration and fast and full bleaching. The effect was observed for many cycles, the strong coloration and full bleaching being preserved. These results are promising for future application of MAPLE and PLD deposited WO3 thin films in the development of electrochromic devices.
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