| 1. |
- Arriaga, Patricia, et al.
(author)
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Are the effects of unreal violent video games pronounced when playing with a virtual reality system?
- 2008
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In: Aggressive Behavior. - : Wiley. - 0096-140X .- 1098-2337. ; 34:5, s. 521-538
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study was conducted to analyze the short‐term effects of violent electronic games, played with or without a virtual reality (VR) device, on the instigation of aggressive behavior. Physiological arousal (heart rate (HR)), priming of aggressive thoughts, and state hostility were also measured to test their possible mediation on the relationship between playing the violent game (VG) and aggression. The participants—148 undergraduate students—were randomly assigned to four treatment conditions: two groups played a violent computer game (Unreal Tournament), and the other two a non‐violent game (Motocross Madness), half with a VR device and the remaining participants on the computer screen. In order to assess the game effects the following instruments were used: a BIOPAC System MP100 to measure HR, an Emotional Stroop task to analyze the priming of aggressive and fear thoughts, a self‐report State Hostility Scale to measure hostility, and a competitive reaction‐time task to assess aggressive behavior. The main results indicated that the violent computer game had effects on state hostility and aggression. Although no significant mediation effect could be detected, regression analyses showed an indirect effect of state hostility between playing a VG and aggression.
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| 2. |
- Arriaga, Patricia, et al.
(author)
-
Violent computer games and their effects on state hostility and psychophysiological arousal
- 2006
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In: Aggressive Behavior. - : Wiley. - 0096-140X .- 1098-2337. ; 32:2, s. 146-158
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An experimental study was conducted to investigate the impact of violent computer games on state hostility, state anxiety and arousal. Participants were undergraduate students, aged from 18 to 25 years. Before the experimental sessions, participants filled in self-report measures concerning their video game habits and were also pre-tested for aggressiveness and trait anxiety. Physiological responses (heart rate and skin conductance) were measured during the experiment. After playing, information about state hostility and state anxiety was collected. The results showed that participants who played the violent game reported significantly higher state hostility, and support the assumption that an aggressive personality moderates the effect of playing a violent game on state hostility.
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