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- Munthe, Christian, 1962
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Ethical Aspects of Risk Decisions
- 1999
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In: Novakova (ed.), Amalgam and Health - New Perspectives on Risks. - Stockholm : Forskningsrådsnämnden. ; , s. 160-164
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(author)
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Genetic Treatment and Preselection. Ethical Similarities and Differences
- 1999
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In: Nordgren, A (ed.), Gene Therapy and Ethics, Studies in Bioethics and Research Ethics No. 4, Uppsala 1999: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. - Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. - 915544640X ; , s. 159-173
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Medical genetic interventions can be performed in two ways. First, genetic defects may be repaired (gene therapy). Secondly, a possible future individual (an embryo or a possible combination of gametes) may be preselected because of its favourable genetic make-up (by using genetic diagnostic methods and procedures from reproductive medicine so called Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis). The first kind of intervention means that someone gets medical treatment in the normal sense, however, the second kind does not. Rather, in that case, the potential patient is exchanged for another individual who is in no need of treatment. The paper explores to what extent arguments for and against these kinds of genetic intervention apply equally to all of them. For example, may the benefits that can be achieved through gene therapy be equally well achieved through genetic preselection? Are fears of a resurrection of eugenic practices through gene technology more warranted regarding therapeutic interventions than regarding preselective ones (or vice versa)? Since genetic preselection is an intervention at the germ-line level and is presently clinically applied: How is it possible to motivate that clinical application of germ-line gene therapy is not similarily permitted?
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- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(author)
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Informed Consent and Quality of Available Information
- 1998
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In: Fourth World Congress of the International Association of Bioethics, Tokyo, November 4-7, 1998.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Standard versions of the requirement of informed consent state that patients who are offered to enter a clinical trial of a medical procedure should be informed about risks and possible benefits of this procedure (compared to available alternatives) in order to facilitate a rational decision whether or not to participate. However, in many real cases where new medical procedures are to be clinically tested for the first time the information available for such communication to prospective patients is very scarce, vague and/or uncertain. This phenomenon is illustrated by the clinical introduction of new procedures in reproductive medicine, such as preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Regarding such procedures, it has ben argued that, in such cases, the quality of the available information may be too low for the obtaining of informed consent to be possible, even if it is successfully communicated. Others, instead, holds that informed consent may always be obtained regardless of the quality of the available information. Unfortunately, the standard litterature on informed consent give no clue as to which of these interpretations is correct. This issue is explored by connecting the concept of informed consent to ethical ideas of respect for autonomy and ideas of rational decision making. It is argued, first, that low quality of available information regarding the risks and possible benefits of a medical procedure may indeed make the obtaining of informed consent from patients to undergo this procedure impossible even in theory. However, it is also argued that whether or not this is the case must be relativized to the actual needs and desires of individual patients. Thus, regarding one and the same procedure, informed consent may be impossible to obtain from some patients due to the low quality of the available information regarding this procedure, but still be possible to obtain from other patients.
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- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(author)
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ntroduktion av PGD i Sverige i etisk belysning
- 1997
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In: 1st Swedish National Workshop on Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg 1997..
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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