| 1. |
- Koziolek, M., et al.
(author)
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Challenges in Permeability Assessment for Oral Drug Product Development
- 2023
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In: Pharmaceutics. - : MDPI. - 1999-4923. ; 15:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Drug permeation across the intestinal epithelium is a prerequisite for successful oral drug delivery. The increased interest in oral administration of peptides, as well as poorly soluble and poorly permeable compounds such as drugs for targeted protein degradation, have made permeability a key parameter in oral drug product development. This review describes the various in vitro, in silico and in vivo methodologies that are applied to determine drug permeability in the human gastrointestinal tract and identifies how they are applied in the different stages of drug development. The various methods used to predict, estimate or measure permeability values, ranging from in silico and in vitro methods all the way to studies in animals and humans, are discussed with regard to their advantages, limitations and applications. A special focus is put on novel techniques such as computational approaches, gut-on-chip models and human tissue-based models, where significant progress has been made in the last few years. In addition, the impact of permeability estimations on PK predictions in PBPK modeling, the degree to which excipients can affect drug permeability in clinical studies and the requirements for colonic drug absorption are addressed.
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| 2. |
- Niessen, Laura, et al.
(author)
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How can businesses drive sufficiency? The business for sufficiency framework
- 2021
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In: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 28, s. 1090-1103
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The breaching of planetary boundaries and excessive extraction of natural resources requires a revisited approach to consumption and production. The concept of sufficiency, which advocates meeting human needs within the planetary limits by curbing excessive consumption levels, is gaining increasing attention. Businesses are drivers of consumption, yet they have been largely overlooked as potential leaders towards a sufficiency-based economy and research on businesses driving sustainable consumption strategically is still a niche. The methods applied here are a literature and practice review and interviews to understand the state-of-the-art in sufficiency-orientated business strategies and develop a framework for future research and practice. Merging English- and German-language research, a base matrix of the waste hierarchy and the four lessens is presented. This matrix is populated with business sufficiency strategies, condensing existing work and creating the ‘Business for Sufficiency’ (BfS) framework. Empirical research with businesses already employing sufficiency strategies refines and validates the framework and sheds light on the viability, desirability, feasibility and sustainability of such offers, highlighting barriers and opportunities. The most prevalent strategies fall into the Rethink framework dimension which require the least radical changes. In addition, interviewees highlighted obstacles in reconciling more radical strategies such as Moderating sales with their financial sustainability. Yet, all interviewees stressed the need for reduced consumption and the role that business should play in enabling sufficiency, demonstrating the relevance of this topic for future research and practice.
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| 3. |
- Niessen, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Sufficiency as trend or tradition?—Uncovering business pathways to sufficiency through historical advertisements
- 2023
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In: Frontiers in Sustainability. - 2673-4524. ; 4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Climate change and dwindling resources underline that we need to bring production and consumption levels in line with planetary boundaries. Consumption, particularly in high-income communities, needs to be reduced and stabilized at sustainable levels. Businesses can play a key role as suppliers of goods and services and creators of demand. Some companies are rising to the challenge and promoting less consumption or “sufficiency” through long product lifetimes, repair services or rental offers, but they remain niche actors in the economic system. Similarly, while circular initiatives gain traction across sectors, firms focus primarily on recycling and efficiency improvements rather than supporting more radical “Reduce” strategies. To engage companies in promoting sustainable levels of consumption, it can be helpful to understand pathways of established businesses who currently promote sufficiency. What can we learn from companies that currently promote sufficiency in their communications? Have they always advocated sufficient consumption, or have they changed recently? Through a historical perspective, we provide insights on the pathway of sufficiency for three companies. A document analysis of historical advertisements shines light on the messaging to potential customers over time. It is combined with an analysis of contemporary communications to connect the companies' past and present sufficiency approaches. Understanding different pathways to sufficiency can help modern-day businesses to reconsider their own business models and orientation. It can also point out levers for policy to support a transformation toward sustainable and circular business models that promote living within planetary boundaries.
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| 4. |
- Niessen, Laura, et al.
(author)
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The impact of business sufficiency strategies on consumer practices : The case of bicycle subscription
- 2023
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In: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 35, s. 576-591
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To stay within planetary boundaries, we need to move into sustainable levels of resource consumption, or sufficiency. Businesses can play a key role in driving sufficiency as they satisfy and also create demand. This article investigates how a bicycle subscription company can promote sufficiency among its users, with a focus on modal shift and product care. It aims to fill the research gap on how business sufficiency strategies impact actual consumption, while also providing insights into the less studied business model of bicycle subscription. User mobility patterns and care behaviour are analysed through the lens of social practice theory. Using the subscription, many users experience a modal shift towards cycling, mostly replacing public transport, walking and car journeys. Around half of the respondents also cycle longer distances and more frequently than before the subscription. Yet, users might stop cycling after the subscription, often due to moving to areas with a poor cycling infrastructure. Concerning product longevity, subscribers differ, with some taking good care of the vehicle and others being less careful. The research shows some advances towards sufficiency but also highlights the limits of one company's actions and the importance of structural changes to promote sufficient consumption.
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