| 1. |
- Norrman, Emma, et al.
(author)
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Type 1 diabetes in children born after assisted reproductive technology: a register-based national cohort study
- 2020
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In: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 35:1, s. 221-231
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- References STUDY QUESTION Do children born after assisted reproductive technology (ART) have an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes? SUMMARY ANSWER Children born after ART were found to have an increased risk of type 1 diabetes in the unadjusted analysis, while after adjustment this association was only significant in children born after frozen embryo transfer. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY? Some studies raise concerns as to whether fertility treatments may influence long-term morbidity in children born after ART. Elevated blood pressure and altered glucose metabolism have been found after ART in a few studies. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A register-based national cohort study that included all children born in Sweden between 1985 and 2015-in total, 3138540 children-was carried out. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIAL, SETTING, METHODS The study was population-based and all live-born singleton children born after ART (n=47938) or spontaneous conception (SC) (n=3090602) were included. The ART cohort comprised 36727 children born after fresh embryo transfer and 11211 children born after frozen embryo transfer. Several national registries were used together with data from Statistics Sweden. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In total, 202 children born after ART and 17916 children born after SC developed type 1 diabetes, corresponding to 43.4 and 35.5 per 100000 person-years at risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 1.42). Mean follow-up was 9.7 (SD 6.4) years for ART children and 16.3 (SD 9.2) years for SC children. After adjustment for calendar year of birth, HR for type 1 diabetes was 1.13; 95% CI, 0.98-1.30. After further adjustment for sex, maternal age, country of birth, educational level, smoking and parental diabetes, HR was 1.07; 95% CI, 0.93-1.23. In subgroup analyses, an association was found between frozen embryo transfer and type 1 diabetes (adjusted HR 1.52; 95% CI, 1.08-2.14 and 1.41; 95% CI, 1.05-1.89 for frozen versus fresh and frozen versus SC, respectively). When comparing intracytoplasmic sperm injection to in vitro fertilization, no difference was found (adjusted HR 1.08; 95% CI, 0.77-1.51). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Limitations were the missing data and residual confounding caused by unknown confounders. Furthermore, the control group consisted of all children not conceived by ART and not non-ART children from subfertile mothers. The study was also performed in only singletons and not in the total ART population. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Type 1 diabetes is a serious disease, affecting human life in several ways, including risk of serious complications, reduced life span and a life-long treatment. Our results are generally reassuring, showing no increase in diabetes in ART children compared to children born after SC after adjustment for relevant confounders. The observation of an association between children born after frozen embryo transfer and type 1 diabetes, although based on subgroup analyses with a limited number of children and modest in size, is however a reason for concern.
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| 2. |
- Pan, Pei-Yin, et al.
(author)
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Headache in ADHD as comorbidity and a side effect of medications : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2022
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In: Psychological Medicine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 52:1, s. 14-25
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is mixed evidence on the association between headache and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as headache and ADHD medications. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the co-occurrence of headache in children with ADHD, and the effects of ADHD medications on headache. Embase, Medline and PsycInfo were searched for population-based and clinical studies comparing the prevalence of headache in ADHD and controls through January 26, 2021. In addition, we updated the search of a previous systematic review and network meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on ADHD medications on June 16, 2020. Trials of amphetamines, atomoxetine, bupropion, clonidine, guanfacine, methylphenidate, and modafinil with a placebo arm and reporting data on headache as an adverse event, were included. Thirteen epidemiological studies and 58 clinical trials were eligible for inclusion. In epidemiological studies, a significant association between headache and ADHD was found [odds ratio (OR) = 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.63-2.46], which remained significant when limited to studies reporting ORs adjusted for possible confounders. The pooled prevalence of headaches in children with ADHD was 26.6%. In RCTs, three ADHD medications were associated with increased headache during treatment periods, compared to placebo: atomoxetine (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.06-1.56), guanfacine (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.12-1.82), and methylphenidate (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.09-1.63). The summarized evidence suggests that headache is common in children with ADHD, both as part of the clinical presentation as such and as a side effect of some standard medications. Monitoring and clinical management strategies of headache in ADHD, in general, and during pharmacological treatment are recommended.
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| 3. |
- Talic, Belma, et al.
(author)
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Correlating Oxygen Electrode Degradation to Cr Vaporization from Metallic Interconnects in Solid Oxide Cell Stacks
- 2023
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In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - 1945-7111 .- 0013-4651. ; 170:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Symmetrical cells consisting of La0.58Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) oxygen electrodes screen printed on both sides of a Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ (CGO) electrolyte were tested at 800 °C while being held close to a piece of Crofer 22 APU alloy. The alloy was either just pre-oxidized or coated with MnCo2O4 and heat treated prior to the exposure test to elucidate the effects of different Cr vaporization rates. Degradation of the symmetrical cells was monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and TOF-SIMS, SEM and EDX analysis were used to examine Cr deposition on the electrodes after the exposure. The results show that the degradation rate of the symmetrical cell is directly proportional to the concentration of gaseous Cr(VI)-species, which had been assessed in a previous experiment. The Cr vaporization rate from Crofer 22 APU with a dense MnCo2O4 coating was measured in moisturized air up with up to 40% H2O and found to be invariant with respect to the steam activity. The degradation rate of symmetrical cells was accelerated by humidity in the air, but, noteworthy, this was found also in the absence of a Cr source.
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