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- Aubert, Salome, et al.
(author)
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Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries
- 2018
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In: Journal of Physical Activity and Health. - : HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC. - 1543-3080 .- 1543-5474. ; 15, s. S251-S273
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Accumulating sufficient moderate to vigorous physical activity is recognized as a key determinant of physical, physiological, developmental, mental, cognitive, and social health among children and youth (aged 5-17 y). The Global Matrix 3.0 of Report Card grades on physical activity was developed to achieve a better understanding of the global variation in child and youth physical activity and associated supports. Methods: Work groups from 49 countries followed harmonized procedures to develop their Report Cards by grading 10 common indicators using the best available data. The participating countries were divided into 3 categories using the United Nations human development index (HDI) classification (low or medium, high, and very high HDI). Results: A total of 490 grades, including 369 letter grades and 121 incomplete grades, were assigned by the 49 work groups. Overall, an average grade of "C-," "D+," and "C-" was obtained for the low and medium HDI countries, high HDI countries, and very high HDI countries, respectively. Conclusions: The present study provides rich new evidence showing that the situation regarding the physical activity of children and youth is a concern worldwide. Strategic public investments to implement effective interventions to increase physical activity opportunities are needed.
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- Aubert, Salome, et al.
(author)
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Report Card Grades on the Physical Activity of Children and Youth Comparing 30 Very High Human Development Index Countries
- 2018
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In: Journal of Physical Activity and Health. - : HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC. - 1543-3080 .- 1543-5474. ; 15, s. S298-S314
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: To better understand the childhood physical inactivity crisis, Report Cards on physical activity of children and youth were prepared concurrently in 30 very high Human Development Index countries. The aim of this article was to present, describe, and compare the findings from these Report Cards. Methods: The Report Cards were developed using a harmonized process for data gathering, assessing, and assigning grades to 10 common physical activity indicators. Descriptive statistics were calculated after converting letter grades to interval variables, and correlational analyses between the 10 common indicators were performed using Spearmans rank correlation coefficients. Results: A matrix of 300 grades was obtained with substantial variations within and between countries. Low grades were observed for behavioral indicators, and higher grades were observed for sources of influence indicators, indicating a disconnect between supports and desired behaviors. Conclusion: This analysis summarizes the level and context of the physical activity of children and youth among very high Human Development Index countries, and provides additional evidence that the situation regarding physical activity in children and youth is very concerning. Unless a major shift to a more active lifestyle happens soon, a high rate of noncommunicable diseases can be anticipated when this generation of children reaches adulthood.
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- Nakajima, K., et al.
(author)
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Diagnostic Performance of Artificial Neural Network for Detecting Ischemia in Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
- 2015
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In: Circulation Journal. - 1346-9843. ; 79:7, s. 1549-1556
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The purpose of this study was to apply an artificial neural network (ANN) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and to characterize its diagnostic ability compared with conventional visual and quantitative methods in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Methods and Results: A total of 106 patients with CAD were studied with MPI, including multiple vessel disease (49%), history of myocardial infarction (27%) and coronary intervention (30%). The ANN detected abnormal areas with a probability of stress defect and ischemia. The consensus diagnosis based on expert interpretation and coronary stenosis was used as the gold standard. The left ventricular ANN value was higher in the stress-defect group than in the no-defect group (0.92 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.25 +/- 0.32, P<0.0001) and higher in the ischemia group than in the noischemia group (0.70 +/- 0.40 vs. 0.004 +/- 0.032, P<0.0001). Receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis showed comparable diagnostic accuracy between ANN and the scoring methods (0.971 vs. 0.980 for stress defect, and 0.882 vs. 0.937 for ischemia, both P=NS). The relationship between the ANN and defect scores was non-linear, with the ANN rapidly increased in ranges of summed stress score of 2-7 and summed defect score of 2-4. Conclusions: Although the diagnostic ability of ANN was similar to that of conventional scoring methods, the ANN could provide a different viewpoint for judging abnormality, and thus is a promising method for evaluating abnormality in MPI.
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