| 1. |
- Pettersson, L. G. M., et al.
(author)
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Electronic structure effects from hydrogen bonding in the liquid phase and in chemisorption : an integrated theory and experimental effort
- 2001
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In: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 0909-0495 .- 1600-5775. ; 8, s. 136-140
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A closely integrated theoretical and experimental effort to understand chemical bonding using X-ray spectroscopic probes is presented. Theoretical techniques to simulate XAS (X-ray absorption spectroscopy), XES (X-ray emission spectroscopy), RIXS (resonant inelastic X-ray scattering) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) spectra have been developed and implemented within a density functional theory (DFT) framework. In combination with new experimental techniques, such as high-resolution XAS on liquid water under ambient conditions and XES on complicated surface adsorbates, new insight into e.g. hydrogen-bonded systems is obtained. For the (3 x 2) overlayer structure of glycine/Cu(110), earlier work has been extended to include adsorbate-adsorbate interactions. Structures are optimized for large cluster models and for periodic boundary conditions. It is found that specific features in the spectra arise from hydrogen-bonding interactions, which thus have important effects at the molecular-orbital level. XAS on liquid water shows a pronounced pre-edge feature with significant intensity, while the spectrum of ice shows only little intensity in this region. Theoretical spectrum calculations, based on instantaneous structures obtained from molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations, show that the pre-edge feature in the liquid is caused by water molecules with unsaturated hydrogen bonding. Some aspects of the theoretical simulations will be briefly discussed.
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| 2. |
- Wernet, Ph., et al.
(author)
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The Structure of the First Coordination Shell in Liquid Water
- 2004
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 304:5673, s. 995-999
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray Raman scattering were used to probe the molecular arrangement in the first coordination shell of liquid water. The local structure is characterized by comparison with bulk and surface of ordinary hexagonal ice Ih and with calculated spectra. Most molecules in liquid water are in two hydrogen-bonded configurations with one strong donor and one strong acceptor hydrogen bond in contrast to the four hydrogen-bonded tetrahedral structure in ice. Upon heating from 25°C to 90°C, 5 to 10% of the molecules change from tetrahedral environments to two hydrogen-bonded configurations. Our findings are consistent with neutron and x-ray diffraction data, and combining the results sets a strong limit for possible local structure distributions in liquid water. Serious discrepancies with structures based on current molecular dynamics simulations are observed.
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| 3. |
- Nordlund, D., et al.
(author)
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Surface structure of thin ice Ih films
- 2004
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In: Chemical Physics Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2614 .- 1873-4448. ; 395:1-3, s. 161-165
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An angular dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the surface of thin ice films grown on Pt(1 1 1) is presented. Using different probing depths together with spectral calculations based on density functional theory, the spectra are interpreted in terms of the structure of surface, subsurface and bulk regions. It is shown that the crystalline ice is terminated with a large abundance of isotropically distributed free O–H groups and a distorted subsurface.
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| 4. |
- Brena, Barbara, et al.
(author)
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Ultrafast Molecular Dissociation of Water in Ice
- 2004
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In: Physical Review Letters. - : The American Physical Society. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 93, s. 148302-148305
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using x-ray emission and photoemission spectroscopies to measure the occupied valence levels in a thin crystalline ice film, we resolve the ionization-induced dissociation of water in ice on a femtosecond time scale. Isotope substitution confirms proton transfer during the core-hole lifetime in spite of the nonresonant excitation. Through ab initio molecular dynamics on the core-ionized state, the dissociation and spectrum evolution are followed at femtosecond intervals. The theoretical simulations confirm the experimental analysis and allow for a detailed study of the dissociative reaction path.
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