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- Anniballi, F., et al.
(author)
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Management of animal botulism outbreaks : From clinical suspicion to practical countermeasures to prevent or minimize outbreaks
- 2013
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In: Biosecurity and bioterrorism. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1538-7135 .- 1557-850X. ; 11:SUPPL. 1, s. S191-S199
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disease that affects humans, all warm-blooded animals, and some fishes. The disease is caused by exposure to toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum and other botulinum toxin-producing clostridia. Botulism in animals represents a severe environmental and economic concern because of its high mortality rate. Moreover, meat or other products from affected animals entering the food chain may result in a public health problem. To this end, early diagnosis is crucial to define and apply appropriate veterinary public health measures. Clinical diagnosis is based on clinical findings eliminating other causes of neuromuscular disorders and on the absence of internal lesions observed during postmortem examination. Since clinical signs alone are often insufficient to make a definitive diagnosis, laboratory confirmation is required. Botulinum antitoxin administration and supportive therapies are used to treat sick animals. Once the diagnosis has been made, euthanasia is frequently advisable. Vaccine administration is subject to health authorities' permission, and it is restricted to a small number of animal species. Several measures can be adopted to prevent or minimize outbreaks. In this article we outline all phases of management of animal botulism outbreaks occurring in wet wild birds, poultry, cattle, horses, and fur farm animals. © 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
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| 5. |
- Ellström, Patrik, et al.
(author)
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A Prospective Follow-Up Study on Transmission of Campylobacter from Poultry to Abattoir Workers
- 2014
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In: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1535-3141 .- 1556-7125. ; 11:9, s. 684-688
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Contact with poultry or poultry meat is a well-known risk factor for campylobacteriosis, but prospective studies on transmission of Campylobacter from chickens to humans during slaughter are scarce. In this study, we monitored transmission of Campylobacter from slaughtered chicken to originally culture-negative abattoir workers during the peak season of colonized chicken and human Campylobacter infection. Stool samples were obtained from 28 abattoir workers together with data on health status once a month between June and September 2010, with a follow-up sample collected in February 2011. Campylobacter-positive individuals and chicken flocks were identified by culture, and isolates were further characterized using molecular techniques. Campylobacter was isolated from seven asymptomatic individuals. Four of them had been newly employed and had not reported any previous Campylobacter infection. Four human isolates had matching genetic fingerprints with isolates from recently slaughtered chickens. Our results further support the role of chicken as the source of human Campylobacter infection but suggest that asymptomatic Campylobacter infection may occur even in individuals with only limited earlier exposure to Campylobacter.
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- Engvall Olsson, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Risk factors associated with the presence of Campylobacter-positive broiler flocks in Sweden
- 2010
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In: Preventive Veterinary Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5877 .- 1873-1716. ; 96, s. 114-121
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Approximately 40% of Swedish broiler producers deliver Campylobacter-negative broilers in 90-100% of their flocks, showing that it is possible to produce Campylobacter-free broilers in Sweden. This study investigated risk factors associated with the presence of Campylobacter-positive flocks at Swedish broiler producers. A total of 37 producers, with 90 broiler houses including 144 compartments, participated in the study. An on-farm interview was performed to collect information on potential risk factors for Campylobacter infection in broilers, with questions about farmcharacteristics such as the environment around the farm and broiler houses, design of the broiler houses and on-farm management practices. Negative binomial regression models were used to assess the statistical significance of risk factors associated with the within-farm number of Campylobacter-positive flocks (the outcome).Campylobacter is transmitted in broiler flocks due to multiple factors and several potential sources, illustrating the complexity of Campylobacter epidemiology in broilers. Factors significantly associated with increased proportion of Campylobacter-positive flocks were the presence of other livestock on the farm, or the presence of cattle, swine, poultry or fur animals within 1 km of the farm. Poor or average general tidiness were associated with increased proportion of Campylobacter-positive flocks, but decreased if split slaughter was seldom or never applied or if farm workers changed footwear twice or three times instead of once before entering the broiler house. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Skarin, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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The workshop on animal botulism in europe
- 2013
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In: Biosecurity and bioterrorism. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1538-7135 .- 1557-850X. ; 11:SUPPL. 1, s. S183-S190
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A workshop on animal botulism was held in Uppsala, Sweden, in June 2012. Its purpose was to explore the current status of the disease in Europe by gathering the European experts in animal botulism and to raise awareness of the disease among veterinarians and others involved in biopreparedness. Animal botulism is underreported and underdiagnosed, but an increasing number of reports, as well as the information gathered from this workshop, show that it is an emerging problem in Europe. The workshop was divided into 4 sessions: animal botulism in Europe, the bacteria behind the disease, detection and diagnostics, and European collaboration and surveillance. An electronic survey was conducted before the workshop to identify the 3 most needed discussion points, which were: prevention, preparedness and outbreak response; detection and diagnostics; and European collaboration and surveillance. The main conclusions drawn from these discussions were that there is an urgent need to replace the mouse bioassay for botulinum toxin detection with an in vitro test and that there is a need for a European network to function as a reference laboratory, which could also organize a European supply of botulinum antitoxin and vaccines. The foundation of such a network was discussed, and the proposals are presented here along with the outcome of discussions and a summary of the workshop itself. © 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
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| 10. |
- Widén, Frederik, et al.
(author)
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Development of improved analytical methods for use in animal health and in foodborne disease surveillance for source attribution
- 2013
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In: Revue Scientifique et Technique- Office International des Epizooties. - 0253-1933 .- 1608-0637. ; 32, s. 549-558
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Considering the 'One Health' principles, the links between animal and human health are very strong. Both domestic and wild animals are sources of infectious agents that cause diseases in humans. Poor animal health may also indirectly affect human health, through reduced access to food. A large number of infectious diseases of animals,the transboundary animal diseases, spread rapidly across borders. Robust and accurate diagnostic assays are needed to detect the infectious agents rapidly and to limit their spread. A large arsenal of novel assays has been developed during the last three decades, with a tremendous impact on the detection of infectious agents. The new diagnostic methods are mostly laboratory-based and expensive, requiring sophisticated equipment and special skills. However, rapid and cheap field-based assays have also been developed. Herein, the authors give several examples of the development of novel assays, with special focus on the 'One Health' principles.
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