| 1. |
- Chi, Chaodan, et al.
(author)
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Si-based InGaAs photodetectors on heterogeneous integrated substrate
- 2021
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In: Science China: Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1674-7348 .- 1869-1927. ; 64:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, InGaAs p-i-n photodetectors (PDs) on an InP/SiO2/Si (InPOI) substrate fabricated by ion-slicing technology are demonstrated and compared with the identical device on a commercial InP substrate. The quality of epitaxial layers on the InPOI substrate is similar to that on the InP substrate. The photo responsivities of both devices measured at 1.55 µm are comparable, which are about 0.808–0.828 A W−1. Although the dark current of PD on the InPOI substrate is twice as high as that of PD on the InP substrate at 300 K, the peak detectivities of both PDs are comparable. In general, the overall performance of the InPOI-based PD is comparable to the InP-based PD, demonstrating that the ion-slicing technology is a promising route to enable the high-quality Si-based InP platform for the full photonic integration on a Si substrate.
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| 2. |
- Fu, Xi, et al.
(author)
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Classroom microbiome, functional pathways and sick-building syndrome (SBS) in urban and rural schools-Potential roles of indoor microbial amino acids and vitamin metabolites
- 2021
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In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 795
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sick building symptoms (SBS) are defined as non-specific symptoms related to indoor exposures, including mucosal symptoms in eye, nose, throat, and skin, and general symptoms as headache and tiredness. Indoor microbial composition is associated with SBS symptoms, but the impact of microbial functional genes and potential metabolic products has not been characterized. We conducted a shotgun microbial metagenomic sequencing for vacuum dust collected in urban and rural schools in Shanxi province, China. SBS symptoms in students were surveyed, and microbial taxa and functional pathways related to the symptoms were identified using a multilevel linear regression model. SBS symptoms were common in students, and the prevalence of ocular and throat symptoms, headache, and tiredness was higher in urban than in rural areas (p < 0.05). A significant higher microbial alpha-diversity was found in rural areas than in urban areas (Chao1, p = 0.001; ACE, p = 0.002). Also, significant variation in microbial taxonomic and functional composition (beta-diversity) was observed between urban and rural areas (p < 0.005). Five potential risk Actinobacteria species were associated with SBS symptoms (p < 0.01); students in the classrooms with a higher abundance of an unclassified Geodermatophilaceae, Geodermatophilus, Fridmanniella luteola, Microlunatus phosphovorus and Mycetocola reported more nasal and throat symptoms and tiredness. Students with a higher abundance of an unclassified flavobacteriaceae reported fewer throat symptoms and tiredness. The abundance of microbial metabolic pathways related to the synthesis of B vitamins (biotin and folate), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and peptidoglycan and were protectively (negatively) associated with SBS symptoms (FDR < 0.05). The result is consistent with human microbiota studies, which reported that these microbial products are extensively involved in immunological processes and anti-inflammatory effects. This is the first study to report the functional potential of the indoor microbiome and the occurrence of SBS, providing new insights into the potential etiologic mechanisms in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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| 3. |
- Fu, Xi, et al.
(author)
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Indoor bacterial, fungal and viral species and functional genes in urban and rural schools in Shanxi Province, China : association with asthma, rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis in high school students
- 2021
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In: Microbiome. - : Springer Nature. - 2049-2618. ; 9:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundStudies in developed countries have reported that the prevalence of asthma and rhinitis is higher in urban areas than in rural areas, and this phenomenon is associated with urbanization and changing indoor microbiome exposure. Developing countries such as China have experienced rapid urbanization in past years, but no study has investigated microbiome exposure and urban-rural health effects in these countries.MethodsNine high schools from urban and rural areas were randomly selected in Shanxi Province, China, and classroom vacuum dust was collected for shotgun metagenomic sequencing. A self-administered questionnaire was collected from 1332 students for personal information and health data. Three-level logistic regression was performed between microbial richness/abundance/functional pathways and the occurrence of asthma and rhinitis symptoms.ResultsConsistent with developed countries, the prevalence of wheeze and rhinitis was higher in urban areas than in rural areas (p < 0.05). Metagenomic profiling revealed 8302 bacterial, 395 archaeal, 744 fungal, 524 protist and 1103 viral species in classroom dust. Actinobacteria (mean relative abundance 49.7%), Gammaproteobacteria (18.4%) and Alphaproteobacteria (10.0%) were the most abundant bacterial classes. The overall microbiome composition was significantly different between urban and rural schools (p = 0.001, Adonis). Species from Betaproteobactera, Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli were enriched in urban schools, and species from Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria were enriched in rural schools. Potential pathogens were present in higher abundance in urban schools than in rural schools (p < 0.05). Pseudoalteromonas, Neospora caninum and Microbacterium foliorum were positively associated with the occurrence of wheeze, rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis, and Brachybacterium was protectively (negatively) associated with rhinitis (p < 0.01). The abundance of human endocrine and metabolic disease pathways was positively associated with rhinitis (p = 0.008), and butyrate and propionate metabolic genes and pathways were significantly enriched in rural schools (p < 0.005), in line with previous findings that these short-chain fatty acids protect against inflammatory diseases in the human gut.ConclusionsWe conducted the first indoor microbiome survey in urban/rural environments with shotgun metagenomics, and the results revealed high-resolution microbial taxonomic and functional profiling and potential health effects.
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| 4. |
- Guo, Ying, et al.
(author)
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Researching on the fine structure and admixture of the worldwide chicken population reveal connections between populations and important events in breeding history
- 2021
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In: Evolutionary Applications. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1752-4571.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Here, we have evaluated the general genomic structure and diversity and studied the divergence resulting from selection and historical admixture events for a collection of worldwide chicken breeds. In total, 636 genomes (43 populations) were sequenced from chickens of American, Chinese, Indonesian, and European origin. Evaluated populations included wild junglefowl, rural indigenous chickens, breeds that have been widely used to improve modern western poultry populations and current com-mercial stocks bred for efficient meat and egg production. In-depth characteriza-tions of the genome structure and genomic relationships among these populations were performed, and population admixture events were investigated. In addition, the genomic architectures of several domestication traits and central documented events in the recent breeding history were explored. Our results provide detailed insights into the contributions from population admixture events described in the historical literature to the genomic variation in the domestic chicken. In particular, we find that the genomes of modern chicken stocks used for meat production both in eastern (Asia) and western (Europe/US) agriculture are dominated by contributions from heavy Asian breeds. Further, by exploring the link between genomic selective divergence and pigmentation, connections to functional genes feather coloring were confirmed.
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| 5. |
- Huang, R., et al.
(author)
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Prediction and Optimization of WAG Flooding by Using LSTM Neural Network Model in Middle East Carbonate Reservoir
- 2021
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In: Society of Petroleum Engineers - Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, ADIP 2021. - : Society of Petroleum Engineers.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Production prediction continues to play an increasingly significant role in reservoir development adjustment and optimization, especially in water-alternating-gas (WAG) flooding. As artificial intelligence continues to develop, data-driven machine learning method can establish a robust model based on massive data to clarify development risks and challenges, predict development dynamic characteristics in advance. This study gathers over 15 years actual data from targeted carbonate reservoir and establishes a robust Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network prediction model based on correlation analysis, data cleaning, feature variables selection, hyper-parameters optimization and model evaluation to forecast oil production, gas-oil ratio (GOR), and water cut (WC) of WAG flooding. In comparison to traditional reservoir numerical simulation (RNS), LSTM neural networks have a huge advantage in terms of computational efficiency and prediction accuracy. The calculation time of LSTM method is 864% less than reservoir numerical simulation method, while prediction error of LSTM method is 261% less than RNS method. We classify producers into three types based on the prediction results and propose optimization measures aimed at the risks and challenges they faced. Field implementation indicates promising outcome with better reservoir support, lower GOR, lower WC, and stabler oil production. This study provides a novel direction for application of artificial intelligence in WAG flooding development and optimization.
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| 6. |
- Jiao, Zhejing, et al.
(author)
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InAs triangular quantum wells grown on InP/SiO 2 /Si heterogeneous substrate for mid-infrared emission
- 2021
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In: Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8001. ; 136
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The properties of InAs/In0.53Ga0.37As triangular quantum wells (QWs) grown on an InP/SiO2/Si integrated substrate by ion-slicing technology are investigated. The material structure and growth quality are characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope measurements. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra at various temperatures are also analyzed. The PL peak wavelengths red-shift from 1.94 to 2.13 μm with the increase of temperature from 12.4 to 300 K. The experimental results of the QWs on InP/SiO2/Si substrate are found to be comparable with the performance of the same QWs grown on an InP substrate. The results are promising for future integration of Si with InP-based optical devices for the applications of light emission in mid-infrared wavelength range.
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