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- Gudmundsdotter, L, et al.
(author)
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Therapeutic immunization for HIV
- 2006
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In: Springer seminars in immunopathology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0344-4325 .- 1432-2196. ; 28:3, s. 221-230
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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- Carlsson, Annica, et al.
(author)
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Material Flows in Sweden 2004
- 2008
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In: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1567-7230 .- 1573-2940. ; 8:5-6, s. 425-432
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents and discusses the method and results of account for material flows in Sweden for the year 2004. The results show that it is possible to compile material flow data from existing sources in the Swedish statistical system. By using the European classification system of goods, the Combined Nomenclature, as the basic unit of the data collection, both data collection and aggregation into material flow categories were made possible. Although these data exist in the statistical system, they are not easily available for the scientific community. This is due to several reasons, such as the aggregation of data in the system of statistics not corresponding to the material flow account structure and the fact that data on import and export of materials are organised differently than data for domestic extraction. Almost 50% of the material flows in Sweden are flows of minerals, mainly construction minerals followed by iron ores. Most of the extracted iron ores are exported. In comparison with other European countries this generates a unique situation with Sweden as the only net exporter of iron ores. The flow of biomass in terms of wood is also considerable (26% of the Swedish material flows in 2004). The domestic material consumption (inflow) per capita in 2004 was 8 tonnes minerals, 6 tonnes biomass and almost 3 tonnes of fossil fuels. Of the material flows of fossil fuels petroleum and natural gas dominates with 90%.
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- Carlström, Mattias, et al.
(author)
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Role of nitric oxide deficiency in the development of hypertension in hydronephrotic animals
- 2008
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In: American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6127 .- 1522-1466 .- 1931-857X. ; 294:2, s. 362-370
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hydronephrotic animals develop renal injury and hypertension, which is associated with an abnormal tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). The TGF sensitivity is coupled to nitric oxide (NO) in the macula densa. The involvement of reduced NO availability in the development of hypertension in hydronephrosis was investigated. Hydronephrosis was induced by ureteral obstruction in young rats. Blood pressure and renal excretion were measured in adulthood, under different sodium conditions, and before and after chronic administration of either N-G- nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or L-arginine. Blood samples for ADMA, SDMA, and L-arginine analysis were taken and the renal tissue was used for histology and determination of NO synthase (NOS) proteins. TGF characteristics were determined by stop-flow pressure technique before and after administration of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) or L-arginine. Hydronephrotic animals developed salt-sensitive hypertension, which was associated with pressure natriuresis and diuresis. The blood pressure response to L-NAME was attenuated and L-arginine supplementation decreased blood pressure in hydronephrotic animals, but not in the controls. Under control conditions, reactivity and sensitivity of the TGF response were greater in the hydronephrotic group. 7-NI administration increased TGF reactivity and sensitivity in control animals, whereas, in hydronephrotic animals, neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibition had no effect. L-Arginine attenuated TGF response more in hydronephrotic kidneys than in controls. The hydronephrotic animals displayed various degrees of histopathological changes. ADMA and SDMA levels were higher and the renal expressions of nNOS and endothelial NOS proteins were lower in animals with hydronephrosis. Reduced NO availability in the diseased kidney in hydronephrosis, and subsequent resetting of the TGF mechanism, plays an important role in the development of hypertension.
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- Currie, Bronwen, et al.
(author)
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Living dangerously: implications of hydrogen sulphide events for marine life along the Namibian coast : A.G.V. Salvanes6, R. Bahlo5
- 2008
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In: International Symposium on Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystems: Spain.
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Conference paper (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Hypoxia, anoxia and free hydrogen sulphide in the water column are characteristic of the inner shelf coastal upwelling system off central Namibia. Biogeochemical monitoring of the diatomaceous sediments along the central coast over a 3-year period, coupled with acoustic studies and ROV video coverage, indicated a major role played by the seafloor in the generation and control of H2S into the water column. We determined the sedimentary processes resulting in the generation and dispersal of hydrogen sulphide, and its effect on some of the locally important fishes and invertebrates.Marked interannual variability with no obvious seasonal trends was apparent in methane contents of sediments even over the short three-year period, whilst sulphate reduction rates in the sediment showed little change. The large sulphur bacteria Thiomargarita namibiensis and Beggiatoa spp. form dense mats over extensive areas of mud and oxidize sulphide at the sediment-water interface, thereby regulating its flux into the overlying water. During episodic events however, hydrogen sulphide pervades the entire water column, followed by severe hypoxia. Under experimental conditions, the survival of juvenile horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus capensis was limited to less than two hours in water containing <0.7ml.l-1 dissolved oxygen. If sulphide was also present survival time was reduced to less than 30 minutes. In contrast, pelagic gobies Sufflogobius bibarbatus survive exposure to extended periods of anoxia and water containing sulphide. Gobies are found abundantly on the muddy seafloor where they evidently possess both physiological and behavioural strategies to survive sulphide and anoxia, accounting for the success of this species in Namibian waters and its importance as a key diet species for predatory fish, seabirds and marine mammals.
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