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| 2. |
- Bergman, Fanny, et al.
(author)
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Physicochemical metamorphosis of re-aerosolized urban PM2.5
- 2024
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In: Journal of Aerosol Science. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0021-8502 .- 1879-1964. ; 181
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The toxicity of particulate matter (PM) is dependent on particle physical and chemical properties and is commonly studied using in vivo and in vitro approaches. PM to be used for in vivo and in vitro studies is often collected on filters and then extracted from the filter surface using a solvent. During extraction and further PM sample handling, particle properties change, but this is often neglected in toxicology studies, with possible implications for health effect assessment. To address the current lack of knowledge and investigate changes in particle properties further, ambient PM with diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) was collected on filters at an urban site and extracted using a standard methanol protocol. After extraction, the PM was dried, dispersed in water and subsequently nebulized. The resulting aerosol properties were then compared to those of the ambient PM2.5. The number size distribution for the nebulized aerosol resembled the ambient in terms of the main mode diameter, and >90 % of particle mass in the nebulized size distribution was still in the PM2.5 range. Black carbon made up a similar fraction of PM mass in nebulized as in ambient aerosol. The sulfate content in the nebulized aerosol seemed depleted and the chemical composition of the organic fraction was altered, but it remains unclear to what extent other non-refractory components were affected by the extraction process. Trace elements were not distributed equally across size fractions, neither in ambient nor nebulized PM. Change in chemical form was studied for zinc, copper and iron. The form did not appear to be different between the ambient and nebulized PM for iron and copper, but seemed altered for zinc. Although many of the studied properties were reasonably well preserved, it is clear that the PM2.5 collection and re-aerosolization process affects particles, and thus potentially also their health effects. Because of this, the effect of the particle collection and extraction process must be considered when evaluating cellular and physiological outcomes upon PM2.5 exposure. © 2024 The Authors
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| 3. |
- Bergman, Fanny, et al.
(author)
-
Physicochemical metamorphosis of re-aerosolized urban PM2.5
- 2024
-
In: Journal of Aerosol Science. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0021-8502 .- 1879-1964. ; 181
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The toxicity of particulate matter (PM) is dependent on particle physical and chemical properties and is commonly studied using in vivo and in vitro approaches. PM to be used for in vivo and in vitro studies is often collected on filters and then extracted from the filter surface using a solvent. During extraction and further PM sample handling, particle properties change, but this is often neglected in toxicology studies, with possible implications for health effect assessment. To address the current lack of knowledge and investigate changes in particle properties further, ambient PM with diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) was collected on filters at an urban site and extracted using a standard methanol protocol. After extraction, the PM was dried, dispersed in water and subsequently nebulized. The resulting aerosol properties were then compared to those of the ambient PM2.5. The number size distribution for the nebulized aerosol resembled the ambient in terms of the main mode diameter, and >90 % of particle mass in the nebulized size distribution was still in the PM2.5 range. Black carbon made up a similar fraction of PM mass in nebulized as in ambient aerosol. The sulfate content in the nebulized aerosol seemed depleted and the chemical composition of the organic fraction was altered, but it remains unclear to what extent other non-refractory components were affected by the extraction process. Trace elements were not distributed equally across size fractions, neither in ambient nor nebulized PM. Change in chemical form was studied for zinc, copper and iron. The form did not appear to be different between the ambient and nebulized PM for iron and copper, but seemed altered for zinc. Although many of the studied properties were reasonably well preserved, it is clear that the PM2.5 collection and re-aerosolization process affects particles, and thus potentially also their health effects. Because of this, the effect of the particle collection and extraction process must be considered when evaluating cellular and physiological outcomes upon PM2.5 exposure.
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| 4. |
- Voss, Ulrikke, et al.
(author)
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Airway exposure to urban aerosolized PM2.5 particles induces neuroinflammation and endothelin-mediated contraction of coronary arteries in adult rats
- 2022
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In: Environmental Advances. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-7657. ; 8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ambient airborne particles with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 µm (PM2.5), which contain particles from combustion processes, are linked to increased risks for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. In this experimental study, the short-term and long-term physiologic consequences of PM2.5 inhalation were investigated with the focus on inflammatory parameters and vascular tonus. PM2.5 collected from urban environments in southern Sweden were aerosolized with a nebulizer and delivered to male Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were divided into two treatment groups (n=8 in each): short-term exposed (8 h with an estimated lung exposure rate of 90 μg PM2.5/h); and long-term exposed (3 h/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks, with an estimated lung exposure rate of 30 μg PM2.5/h). A group of non-particle-exposed control animals (n=8) was run in parallel with each test group. The results showed that short-term exposure increased the numbers of lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Long-term exposure led to impaired substance P-induced relaxation and increased endothelin-1-induced contraction of the coronary arteries. The contractile response was found to be mediated by endothelin receptor A. Long-term exposure led to increased interleukin-6 levels in brain tissues, as compared to the controls. In summary, this explorative study reveals that exposure to aerosolized, ambient PM2.5 leads to impaired coronary artery function and neuroinflammation. Further investigations into the impacts on health effects of short-term and long-term exposures to urban air pollution are warranted.
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| 5. |
- Alijagic, Andi, 1992-, et al.
(author)
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A Novel Nanosafety Approach Using Cell Painting, Metabolomics, and Lipidomics Captures the Cellular and Molecular Phenotypes Induced by the Unintentionally Formed Metal-Based (Nano)Particles
- 2023
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In: Cells. - : MDPI. - 2073-4409. ; 12:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Additive manufacturing (AM) or industrial 3D printing uses cutting-edge technologies and materials to produce a variety of complex products. However, the effects of the unintentionally emitted AM (nano)particles (AMPs) on human cells following inhalation, require further investigations. The physicochemical characterization of the AMPs, extracted from the filter of a Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) 3D printer of iron-based materials, disclosed their complexity, in terms of size, shape, and chemistry. Cell Painting, a high-content screening (HCS) assay, was used to detect the subtle morphological changes elicited by the AMPs at the single cell resolution. The profiling of the cell morphological phenotypes, disclosed prominent concentration-dependent effects on the cytoskeleton, mitochondria, and the membranous structures of the cell. Furthermore, lipidomics confirmed that the AMPs induced the extensive membrane remodeling in the lung epithelial and macrophage co-culture cell model. To further elucidate the biological mechanisms of action, the targeted metabolomics unveiled several inflammation-related metabolites regulating the cell response to the AMP exposure. Overall, the AMP exposure led to the internalization, oxidative stress, cytoskeleton disruption, mitochondrial activation, membrane remodeling, and metabolic reprogramming of the lung epithelial cells and macrophages. We propose the approach of integrating Cell Painting with metabolomics and lipidomics, as an advanced nanosafety methodology, increasing the ability to capture the cellular and molecular phenotypes and the relevant biological mechanisms to the (nano)particle exposure.
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| 6. |
- Alijagic, Andi, 1992-, et al.
(author)
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Particle Safety Assessment in Additive Manufacturing : From Exposure Risks to Advanced Toxicology Testing.
- 2022
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In: Frontiers in Toxicology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2673-3080. ; 4
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Additive manufacturing (AM) or industrial three-dimensional (3D) printing drives a new spectrum of design and production possibilities; pushing the boundaries both in the application by production of sophisticated products as well as the development of next-generation materials. AM technologies apply a diversity of feedstocks, including plastic, metallic, and ceramic particle powders with distinct size, shape, and surface chemistry. In addition, powders are often reused, which may change the particles' physicochemical properties and by that alter their toxic potential. The AM production technology commonly relies on a laser or electron beam to selectively melt or sinter particle powders. Large energy input on feedstock powders generates several byproducts, including varying amounts of virgin microparticles, nanoparticles, spatter, and volatile chemicals that are emitted in the working environment; throughout the production and processing phases. The micro and nanoscale size may enable particles to interact with and to cross biological barriers, which could, in turn, give rise to unexpected adverse outcomes, including inflammation, oxidative stress, activation of signaling pathways, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. Another important aspect of AM-associated risks is emission/leakage of mono- and oligomers due to polymer breakdown and high temperature transformation of chemicals from polymeric particles, both during production, use, and in vivo, including in target cells. These chemicals are potential inducers of direct toxicity, genotoxicity, and endocrine disruption. Nevertheless, understanding whether AM particle powders and their byproducts may exert adverse effects in humans is largely lacking and urges comprehensive safety assessment across the entire AM lifecycle-spanning from virgin and reused to airborne particles. Therefore, this review will detail: 1) brief overview of the AM feedstock powders, impact of reuse on particle physicochemical properties, main exposure pathways and protective measures in AM industry, 2) role of particle biological identity and key toxicological endpoints in the particle safety assessment, and 3) next-generation toxicology approaches in nanosafety for safety assessment in AM. Altogether, the proposed testing approach will enable a deeper understanding of existing and emerging particle and chemical safety challenges and provide a strategy for the development of cutting-edge methodologies for hazard identification and risk assessment in the AM industry.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1965-, et al.
(author)
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Inflammatory and coagulatory markers and exposure to different size fractions of particle mass, number and surface area air concentrations in the Swedish hard metal industry, in particular to cobalt
- 2021
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In: Biomarkers. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1354-750X .- 1366-5804. ; 26:6, s. 557-569
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To study the relationship between inhalation of airborne particles and cobalt in the Swedish hard metal industry and markers of inflammation and coagulation in blood.Methods: Personal sampling of inhalable cobalt and dust were performed for subjects in two Swedish hard metal plants. Stationary measurements were used to study concentrations of inhalable, respirable, and total dust and cobalt, PM10 and PM2.5, the particle surface area and the particle number concentrations. The inflammatory markers CC16, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, SAA and CRP, and the coagulatory markers FVIII, vWF, fibrinogen, PAI-1 and D-dimer were measured. A complete sampling was performed on the second or third day of a working week following a work-free weekend, and additional sampling was taken on the fourth or fifth day. The mixed model analysis was used, including covariates.Results: The average air concentration of inhalable dust and cobalt were 0.11 mg/m3 and 0.003 mg/m3, respectively. For some mass-based exposure measures of cobalt and total dust, statistically significant increased levels of FVIII, vWF and CC16 were found.Conclusions: The observed relationships between particle exposure and coagulatory biomarkers may indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1965-, et al.
(author)
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Respiratory Health and Inflammatory Markers : Exposure to Cobalt in the Swedish Hard Metal Industry
- 2020
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In: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 62:10, s. 820-829
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between inhalable dust and cobalt and respiratory symptoms, lung function, exhaled nitric oxide in expired air and CC16 in the Swedish hard metal industry.METHODS: Personal sampling of inhalable dust and cobalt, medical examination including blood sampling was performed for 72 workers. Exposure-response relationships was determined using logistic, linear and mixed model analysis.RESULTS: The average inhalable dust and cobalt concentrations were 0.079 and 0.0017 mg/m, respectively. Statistically significant increased serum levels of CC16 were determined when the high and low cumulative exposures for cobalt were compared. Non-significant exposure-response relationships was observed between cross-shift inhalable dust or cobalt exposures and asthma, nose dripping and bronchitis.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest an exposure-response relationship between inhalable cumulative cobalt exposure and CC16 levels in blood, which may reflect an injury or a reparation process in the lungs.
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| 9. |
- Antonelli, Alexandre, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Settling a family feud: a high-level phylogenomic framework for the Gentianales based on 353 nuclear genes and partial plastomes
- 2021
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In: American Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0002-9122 .- 1537-2197. ; 108:7, s. 1143-1165
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Premise: Comprising five families that vastly differ in species richness—ranging from Gelsemiaceae with 13 species to the Rubiaceae with 13,775 species—members of the Gentianales are often among the most species-rich and abundant plants in tropical forests. Despite considerable phylogenetic work within particular families and genera, several alternative topologies for family-level relationships within Gentianales have been presented in previous studies. Methods: Here we present a phylogenomic analysis based on nuclear genes targeted by the Angiosperms353 probe set for approximately 150 species, representing all families and approximately 85% of the formally recognized tribes. We were able to retrieve partial plastomes from off-target reads for most taxa and infer phylogenetic trees for comparison with the nuclear-derived trees. Results: We recovered high support for over 80% of all nodes. The plastid and nuclear data are largely in agreement, except for some weakly to moderately supported relationships. We discuss the implications of our results for the order’s classification, highlighting points of increased support for previously uncertain relationships. Rubiaceae is sister to a clade comprising (Gentianaceae + Gelsemiaceae) + (Apocynaceae + Loganiaceae). Conclusions: The higher-level phylogenetic relationships within Gentianales are confidently resolved. In contrast to recent studies, our results support the division of Rubiaceae into two subfamilies: Cinchonoideae and Rubioideae. We do not formally recognize Coptosapelteae and Luculieae within any particular subfamily but treat them as incertae sedis. Our framework paves the way for further work on the phylogenetics, biogeography, morphological evolution, and macroecology of this important group of flowering plants.
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| 10. |
- Asklund, Helen, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Hästflickan i rörelse : Generationsberättelser om hästboksläsning
- 2023
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Hästflickan i rörelse: Generationsberättelser om hästboksläsningI vår forskning om hästböcker har vi kommit att intressera oss också för hästboksläsarna. I syfte att få kunskap om varför människor läser hästböcker har vi intervjuat cirka 60 unga och vuxna. Ett delresultat utifrån intervjuer med flickor 9-12 och i vissa fall deras (ibland hästintresserade) föräldrar presenteras. Där framkommer att flickorna i många fall är bokslukare, om än tämligen genretrogna. Ett tydligt samband mellan identiteten som hästtjej och läsare framträder, då läsningen ofta har spin-off-effekter på lekmönster. Orsakerna bakom hästboksläsningen handlar om identifikation i termer av ett flickskap som i stallkulturen står utanför normen och som präglas av mod och beslutsamhet, men där även spänning och kunskapsinhämtning nämns. Hästbokens status har höjts i både skolan och på bibliotek, där den tidigare har haft dåligt rykte, något som kan ses som att större uppmärksamhet ägnas åt något som intresserar många flickor.
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