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- Becker, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Discrimination of men with prostate cancer from those with benign disease by measurements of human glandular kallikrein 2 (HK2) in serum
- 2000
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In: Journal of Urology. - 1527-3792. ; 163:1, s. 311-316
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical value of measuring human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) compared with free and total prostate specific antigen (PSA-F and PSA-T) in serum from patients with prostate disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum from healthy controls, from men with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa), and advanced PCa were analyzed for hK2 (using an in-house-research assay with detection limit of 0.05 ng./mL and <0.1% cross-reaction with PSA) and for PSA-F and PSA-T (using the Dual Prostatus assay from EG&G Wallac). RESULTS: HK2 concentrations were <0.05 ng./mL in 50/50 healthy volunteers but significantly higher (p <0.0001) and > or =0.05 ng./mL in 28/54 (52%) patients with BPH. In comparison to these men, the hK2 levels were significantly higher (p <0.0001, median 0.085 ng./mL) and > or =0.05 ng./mL in 100/136 (74%) men with clinically localized PCa. Compared with localized PCa, the hK2 levels were significantly higher (p <0.0001, median 0.57 ng./mL) and > or =0.05 ng./mL in 55/57 (96%) patients with advanced PCa. The median hK2 levels ranged from 1.3 to 1.6% of those of PSA-T in all three patient groups, whereas percent hK2/PSA-F and hK2 x PSA-T/PSA-F levels were significantly higher in cancer patients compared with those with BPH. In the discrimination of clinically localized PCa from BPH, hK2 x PSA-T/PSA-F gave the largest area under the receiver operating curve (AUC = 0.81) and significantly (p = 0.025) larger AUC than PSA-T alone (0.70). Further, at 95% sensitivity there was significant gain in specificity, and at specificity levels of 90 to 95% there was significant gain in sensitivity using the measurements of PSA-T+PSA-F+hK2 compared with analysis of PSA-T and/or percent free PSA. CONCLUSIONS: Discrimination of patients with benign prostate disease from those with prostate cancer was significantly enhanced using measurements of hK2 in addition to those of PSA-T and PSA-F. Percent hK2/PSA-F was higher in PCa than in BPH, a phenomena not yet understood.
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- Bjursten, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Particle separation using ultrasound can radically reduce embolic load to brain after cardiac surgery.
- 2004
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In: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1552-6259 .- 0003-4975. ; 78:5, s. 1572-1578
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. Microembolism during cardiopulmonary bypass has been suggested as being the predominant cause of neurocognitive disorders after cardiac surgery. Shed blood, normally retransfused into the patient during cardiopulmonary bypass, is a major source of lipid microemboli in the brain capillaries. A newly developed technique based on acoustic standing-wave separation of particles in fluid in microchannels, with the capacity to remove lipid particles in blood, is presented. Methods. A separator consisting of eight parallel, high-fidelity microfabricated channels was actuated with an ultrasound field to create a standing wave. Three different concentrations of lipid particles (diameter, 0.3 mum) were added to blood samples with increasing hematocrits and introduced into the separator channels to separate lipid particles and erythrocytes. Results. The mean separation rates for lipid particles were 81.9% +/- 7.6% and for erythrocytes 79.8% +/- 9.9%, and both were related to the hematocrit level of the incoming blood sample. The procedure was atraumatic and did not cause hemolysis. Conclusions. Particle separation by means of an acoustic standing-wave technique can be used for atraumatic and effective removal of lipid particles from blood, with the possible clinical implication of reducing neurocognitive complications after cardiopulmonary bypass. (C) 2004 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons.
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- Björklund-Persson, Lena, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Performance of an in situ passive sampling system for metals in stormwater
- 2002
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In: Journal of Environmental Monitoring. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1464-0333 .- 1464-0325. ; 4:2, s. 258-262
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A passive sampler has been developed and is demonstrated in situ for urban runoff. The passive sampler is compared to conventional composite (time-dependent and flow-weighted) bottle sampling during and between storm events. The sampling was carried out at established stormwater stations; before and after a stormwater detention pond. In situ deployment of the passive sampler provides the metal concentrations, corresponding to the electrochemically available fraction of total metal, for time-dependent samples collected in parallel. The sampler provides improved accuracy compared to bottle sampling because contamination during sample transport and handling is minimised. Laboratory handling is reduced by direct analysis of the accumulated metals on the receiving membrane by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Passive sampling also solves the problem of metal speciation change during transport to the laboratory, which is a potential problem for bottle samples. The low cost and convenience of the passive sampler and subsequent analysis should allow significantly more extensive spatial and temporal monitoring of metals in the aquatic environment than has previously been possible.
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- Carlsson, Richard, et al.
(author)
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Core Erlang 1.0 language specification
- 2000
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We describe a core language for the concurrent functional language Erlang, aptly named “Core Erlang”, presenting its grammar and informal static and dynamic semantics relative to Erlang. We also discuss built-in functions and other open issues, and sketch a syntax tree representation.
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- Ekstrand, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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Welfare, Church and Gender in Sweden
- 2004
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In: Welfare, Church and Gender in Eight European Countries. - : Uppsala Institute for Diaconal and Social Studies. - 9197456551
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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