| 1. |
- Rayala, Spandana, et al.
(author)
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Low-Dose Oral Ketamine for Procedural Analgesia in Pediatric Cancer Patients Undergoing Lumbar Puncture at a Resource-Limited Cancer Hospital in India
- 2019
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In: Journal of Palliative Medicine. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1096-6218 .- 1557-7740. ; 22:11, s. 1357-1363
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of orally administered low-dose ketamine for procedural pain management in pediatric cancer patients undergoing lumbar puncture (LP) in a resource-limited hospital setting. Methods: Patients between 4 and 15 years of age, with leukemia, undergoing LP were asked to participate. The study was designed as a two-armed blinded placebo-controlled trial where 0.8 mg/kg (bodyweight) of ketamine mixed in juice was given 30 minutes before the procedure to Group K (ketamine) compared with placebo, only juice, to Group P (placebo). In addition, topical analgesia (EMLA®) was given according to established standard of care. Patients and caregivers assessed the pain using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. Results: A total number of 52 patients, equally distributed between Group K and Group P, were included in the study. The placebo-controlled group had significantly higher self-reported pain score than the group receiving ketamine (p = 0.046), as well as in caregiver-assessed pain (p = 0.033). Only three incidents of mild adverse effects were reported. Conclusion: Low-dose oral ketamine can be safely administered for procedural analgesia in pediatric cancer patients undergoing LP in a resource-limited hospital setting and have significant pain-reducing effect compared with placebo.
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| 2. |
- Shanei, Mohammad Mahdi, et al.
(author)
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Multifocal Autofocused Airy Beam Metasurfaces
- 2019
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In: 6th International School and Conference "Saint Petersburg OPEN 2019": Optoelectronics, Photonics, Engineering and Nanostructures 22–25 April 2019, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP).
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To focus the incident light, both convex metalenses with hyperbolic phase profile and autofocused Airy (AFA) beams are widely used. To obtain AFA-based bifocal metalenses, we propose two methods in this article. One is to bring the two conjugate focal points of an AFA beam into the real space by applying a proper convex lens phase profile. The other is to use the inefficient central space between the two launched Airy beams with zero amplitude and constant phase profile as an independent metalens. We also show that combining the two introduced methods, leads the design to upgrade to a multifocal structure.
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