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- Aamodt, K., et al.
(author)
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The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC
- 2008
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In: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08002
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries, Its overall dimensions are 16 x 16 x 26 m(3) with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008.
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2. |
- Melin, Tomas, et al.
(author)
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How Industry Concepts of Concurrent Engineering Enhances Aircraft Design Education
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part G, Journal of Aerospace Engineering. - 0954-4100 .- 2041-3025. ; 221:2, s. 175-192
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two student projects are described including the intended goals, the approaches taken, the tools used, and what was learned from the exercises. An international collaborative teaching protocol between Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal and the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) was exercised in aircraft design education. Poignantly, a novel instructive design process using the analogue of contemporary concurrent engineering practices in industry was implemented. The idea was to strategically assign multi-disciplinary design tasks to each Partner University in accordance with their respective competencies. The university-industry coupling was initiated by request for proposals and corresponding marketing requirements and objectives produced by Bombardier Aerospace in Montreal, Canada. Two MATLAB™-based tools were prominent in facilitating the capstone aircraft design projects. They included: Quick Conceptual Aircraft Research and Design, a computer-aided conceptual design engineering system; and TORNADO, a Vortex-Lattice code for computing aerodynamic characteristics. The result of the two exercises was found to benefit the participating industry, the educational establishments involved, and the students carrying out the projects.
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