| 1. |
- Ahlén, Gustaf, et al.
(author)
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Mannosylated mucin-type immunoglobulin fusion proteins enhance antigen-specific antibody and T lymphocyte responses
- 2012
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Targeting antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APC) improve their immunogenicity and capacity to induce Th1 responses and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). We have generated a mucin-type immunoglobulin fusion protein (PSGL-1/mIgG2b), which upon expression in the yeast Pichia pastoris became multivalently substituted with O-linked oligomannose structures and bound the macrophage mannose receptor (MMR) and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) with high affinity in vitro. Here, its effects on the humoral and cellular anti-ovalbumin (OVA) responses in C57BL/6 mice are presented.OVA antibody class and subclass responses were determined by ELISA, the generation of anti-OVA CTLs was assessed in 51Cr release assays using in vitro-stimulated immune spleen cells from the different groups of mice as effector cells and OVA peptide-fed RMA-S cells as targets, and evaluation of the type of Th cell response was done by IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5 ELISpot assays.Immunizations with the OVA − mannosylated PSGL-1/mIgG2b conjugate, especially when combined with the AbISCO®-100 adjuvant, lead to faster, stronger and broader (with regard to IgG subclass) OVA IgG responses, a stronger OVA-specific CTL response and stronger Th1 and Th2 responses than if OVA was used alone or together with AbISCO®-100. Also non-covalent mixing of mannosylated PSGL-1/mIgG2b, OVA and AbISCO®-100 lead to relatively stronger humoral and cellular responses. The O-glycan oligomannoses were necessary because PSGL-1/mIgG2b with mono- and disialyl core 1 structures did not have this effect.Mannosylated mucin-type fusion proteins can be used as versatile APC-targeting molecules for vaccines and as such enhance both humoral and cellular immune responses.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Christian, et al.
(author)
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Maintaining high anaerobic succinic acid productivity by product removal
- 2010
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In: Bioprocess and biosystems engineering (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1615-7591 .- 1615-7605. ; 33:6, s. 711-718
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During dual-phase fermentations using Escherichia coli engineered for succinic acid production, the productivity and viable cell concentration decrease as the concentration of succinic acid increases. The effects of succinic acid on the fermentation kinetics, yield, and cell viability were investigated by resuspending cells in fresh media after selected fermentation times. The cellular succinic acid productivity could be restored, but cell viability continuously decreased throughout the fermentations by up to 80% and subsequently the volumetric productivity was reduced. Omitting complex nutrients in the resuspension media had no significant effect on cellular succinate productivity and yield, although the viable cell concentration and thus the volumetric productivity was reduced by approximately 20%. By resuspending the cells, the amount of succinate produced during a 100-h fermentation was increased by more than 60%. The results demonstrate that by product removal succinic acid productivity can be maintained at high levels for extended periods of time.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Berglund, Kris, et al.
(author)
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Fermentation-Based Building Blocks for Renewable Resource-Based Surfactants
- 2010
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In: Surfactants from renewable resources. - Chichester : John Wiley & Sons Ltd. - 9780470760413 ; , s. 127-141
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 'new' top-ranked building blocks; Citric acid recovery from fermentation broths and CaCO3 precipitation; Citric, acetic and lactic acid - top three industrial carboxylic acids; Fermentation-based building blocks for renewable resource-based surfactants; Fermentation-based building blocks for surfactants; Filamentous fungi, Aspergillus niger and Candida yeast strains; New fermentation-based building blocks; Organic acid metabolites - as hydrophilic moiety; Sulfonates - largest market share of anionic surfactants; Sulfosuccinate class of surfactants
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| 5. |
- Enman, Josefine, et al.
(author)
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Growth promotive conditions for enhanced eritadenine production during submerged cultivation of Lentinus edodes
- 2012
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In: Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (1986). - : Wiley. - 0268-2575 .- 1097-4660. ; 87:7, s. 903-907
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Mycelium of the medicinal mushroom shiitake, Lentinus edodes, is a potential source for production of the blood cholesterol reducing compound eritadenine. To increase the mycelial biomass and in turn the production of eritadenine, a potential growth promoting substance in the form of a water extract of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) was added to the culture media.Results: The hot water extract of DDGS was shown to considerably increase the growth of shiitake mycelia in bioreactor cultivations; the mycelial yield was 2-3 times higher than in the control, and the highest final biomass concentration obtained was 3.4 g L -1. Further, by using shake flask cultures as inoculums the bioreactor cultivation time could be reduced by 1 week for some of the experiments. The highest final titer of eritadenine in the present study was 25.1 mg L -1, which was about 2 times higher than in the control, and was also obtained when a water extract of DDGS was added to the culture medium.Conclusion: It was demonstrated that a water extract of DDGS promoted the growth of shiitake mycelia in bioreactor cultivations, along with enhanced eritadenine production.
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| 6. |
- Enman, Josefine, et al.
(author)
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Solid state characterization of sodium eritadenate
- 2011
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In: American Journal of Analytical Chemistry. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2156-8251 .- 2156-8278. ; 2:2, s. 164-173
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Knowledge of the solid state is of great importance in the development of a new active pharmaceutical ingredient, since the solid form often dictates the properties and performance of the drug. In the present study, solid state characteristics of the sodium salt of the candidate cholesterol reducing compound eritadenine, 2(R), 3(R))-dihydroxy-4-(9-adenyl)-butanoic acid, were investigated. The compound was crystallized by slow cooling from water and various aqueous ethanol solutions, at different temperatures. Further, the compound solution was subjected to lyophilization and to high vacuum drying. The resulting solids were screened for polymorphism by micro Raman spectroscopy (λex = 830 nm) and the crystallinity was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction. Further, thermal analysis was applied to study possible occurrence of solvates or hydrates. Solids obtained from slow cooling showed crystallinity, whereas rapid cooling gave rise to more amorphous solids. Analysis of difference spectra of the Raman data for solids obtained from slow cooling of solution revealed subtle differences in the structures between crystals derived from pure water and crystals derived from aqueous ethanol solutions. Finally, from the thermal analysis it was deduced that crystals obtained from pure water were stoichiometrically dihydrates whereas crystals obtained from aqueous ethanol solutions were 2.5 hydrates; this formation of different hydrates were supported by the Raman difference analysis.
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| 7. |
- Faisal, Abrar, et al.
(author)
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MFI zeolite as adsorbent for selective recovery of hydrocarbons from ABE fermentation broths
- 2014
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In: Adsorption. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0929-5607 .- 1572-8757. ; 20:2-3, s. 465-470
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 1-Butanol and butyric acid are two interesting compounds that may be produced by acetone, butanol, and ethanol fermentation using e.g. Clostridium acetobutylicum. The main drawback, restricting the commercialization potential of this process, is the toxicity of butanol for the cell culture resulting in low concentrations of this compound in the broth. To make this process economically viable, an efficient recovery process has to be developed. In this work, a hydrophobic MFI type zeolite with high silica to alumina ratio was evaluated as adsorbent for the recovery of butanol and butyric acid from model solutions. Dual component adsorption experiments revealed that both butanol and butyric acid showed a high affinity for the hydrophobic MFI zeolite when adsorbed from aqueous model solutions. Multicomponent adsorption experiments using model solutions, mimicking real fermentation broths, revealed that the adsorbent was very selective to the target compounds. Further, the adsorption of butyric and acetic acid was found to be pH dependent with high adsorption below, and low adsorption above, the respective pKa values of the acids. Thermal desorption of butanol from MFI type zeolite was also studied and a suitable desorption temperature was identified.
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| 8. |
- Gustafsson, Anki, et al.
(author)
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Pichia pastoris-produced mucin-type fusion proteins with multivalent O-glycan substitution as targeting molecules for mannose-specific receptors of the immune system
- 2011
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In: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0959-6658 .- 1460-2423. ; 21:8, s. 1071-1086
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mannose-binding proteins like the macrophage mannose receptor (MR), the dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) play crucial roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Immunoglobulin fusion proteins of the P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1/mIgG2b) carrying mostly O-glycans and, as a control, the a1-acid glycoprotein (AGP/mIgG2b) carrying mainly N-linked glycans were stably expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. P. pastoris-produced PSGL-1/mIgG2b was shown to carry O-glycans that mediated strong binding to mannose-specific lectins in a lectin array and were susceptible to cleavage by a-mannosidases including an a1,2- but not an a1,6-mannosidase. Electrospray ionization - ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) confirmed the presence of O-glycans containing up to 9 hexoses with the penta- and hexasaccharides being the predominant ones. a1,2- and a1,3-linked, but not a1,6-linked, mannose residues were detected by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy confirming the results of the mannosidase cleavage. The apparent equilibrium dissociation constants for binding of PNGase F-treated mannosylated PSGL-1/mIgG2b to MR, DC-SIGN and MBL were shown by surface plasmon resonance to be 126, 56 and 16 nM, respectively. In conclusion, PSGL-1/mIgG2b expressed in P. pastoris carried O-glycans mainly comprised of a-linked mannoses and with up to nine residues. It bound mannose-specific receptors with high apparent affinity and may become a potent targeting molecule for these receptors in vivo.
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| 9. |
- Helmerius, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Impact of hemicellulose pre-extraction for bioconversion on birch Kraft pulp properties
- 2010
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In: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 101:15, s. 5996-6005
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The combination of hemicellulose extraction with chemical pulping processes is one approach to generate a sugar feedstock amenable to biochemical transformation to fuels and chemicals. Extractions of hemicellulose from silver birch (Betula pendula) wood chips using either water or Kraft white liquor (NaOH, Na2S, and Na2CO3) were performed under conditions compatible with Kraft pulping, using times ranging between 20 and 90 min, temperatures of 130-160 °C, and effective alkali (EA) charges of 0-7%. The chips from select extractions were subjected to subsequent Kraft pulping and the refined pulps were made into handsheets. Several metrics for handsheet strength properties were compared with a reference pulp made without an extraction step. This study demonstrated that white liquor can be utilized to extract xylan from birch wood chips prior to Kraft cooking without decreasing the pulp yield and paper strength properties, while simultaneously impregnating cooking alkali into the wood chips. However, for the alkaline conditions tested extractions above pH 10 resulted in low concentrations of xylan. Water extractions resulted in the highest final concentrations of xylan; yielding a liquor without the presence of toxic or inhibitory inorganics and minimal soluble aromatics that we demonstrate can be successfully enzymatically hydrolyzed to monomeric xylose and fermented to succinic acid. However, water extractions were found to negatively impact some pulp properties including decreases in compression strength, bursting strength, tensile strength, and tensile stiffness while exhibiting minimal impact on elongation and slight improvement in tearing strength index.
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| 10. |
- Häggström, Caroline, et al.
(author)
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Integration of Ethanol Fermentation with Second Generation Biofuels Technologies
- 2014
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In: Biorefineries. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 9780444595041 ; , s. 161-187
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter presents an overview of the challenges associated with integrating yeast fermentation into cellulosic biofuel processes, as well as the approaches that might overcome these challenges. The chapter first introduces the design considerations for first-generation ethanol fermentation processes using sugar cane and corn as feedstocks, with an emphasis on process constraints and operation strategies. The chapter then explores methods for improving yield, titer, productivity, and economics. These processing methods illustrate the challenges posed by the fermentation of ethanol from lignocellulose hydrolyzates, especially the differences in process constraints for high-productivity, high-product titer operations. Finally, the chapter discusses an example of aerobic seed cultivation of yeast using a hydrolyzate of dilute acid-hydrolyzed softwood hemicellulose
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