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| 2. |
- Frost, Ingela, et al.
(author)
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Effects of competition, grazing and cotyledon nutrient supply on growth of Quercus robur seedlings
- 1997
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In: Oikos. - 0030-1299 .- 1600-0706. ; 79:1, s. 53-58
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this greenhouse experiment we examined how competition and herbivory affects the growth of Quercus robur seedlings and if the cotyledon nutrient reserve is of importance for survival and growth during unfavourable conditions. We planted oak seedlings with or without a strong competitor (grass turf) and subjected them to factorial grazing and cotyledon removal, in a split-plot design. After one growing season (20 weeks) we found large negative main effects from competition, grazing and cotyledon removal on all biomass components of the seedling. Seedling mortality was also significantly increased by competition. We observed an additional effect of cotyledon removal if the seedlings were also grazed or were growing in competition with grass. This gives some support to the hypothesis that cotyledon nutrient reserves are used under unfavourable conditions, but the effect was often relatively small and not detectable in the growth of all plant parts.
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| 3. |
- Grandin, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Attributes of the seed bank after a century of primary succession on islands in Lake Hjalmaren, Sweden
- 1998
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In: Journal of Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0022-0477 .- 1365-2745. ; 86:2, s. 293-303
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 1 A large number of islands was created when the water table of Lake Hjälmaren, south central Sweden, was lowered between 1882 and 1886. We have complete lists of vascular plant species for 40 of these islands from 1886, 1892, 1903–04, 1927–28 and 1984–85.2 We have investigated the seed bank on nine of these islands and compared species composition at different soil depths with the species lists from the islands in 1886–1985, and with the present vegetation in the area of seed bank sampling. We have also investigated the distribution in the soil of seeds from species with different ecological attributes, including seed longevity, successional status, seed weight, seed form and species longevity.3 Seeds in soil samples were allowed to germinate over the course of two summers with an intermediate cold storage. We found 1944 seeds representing 65 taxa. The mean seed density was 84 seeds dm–2.4 The similarity between the surface soil (0–3 cm) seed bank and the vegetation at the different vegetation analyses increased from 1886 to 1993. The similarity between the present vegetation and the seed bank decreased with increasing soil depth, and the soil at 12–15 cm had no species in common with the present vegetation. Several species now absent from the vegetation were found in the seed bank.5 Deeply buried seeds came from early successional, annual species with long-term persistent and low-weight seeds, as expected from seed bank theories, but were slightly elongated, which was in contrast to theories. Spherical seeds were associated with the surface soil, as were short-lived and high-weight seeds from late successional, perennial species.
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| 4. |
- Hazell, P, et al.
(author)
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Presence and abundance of four epiphytic bryophytes in relation to density of aspen (Populus tremula) and other stand characteristics
- 1998
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In: Forest Ecology and Management. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 107:1-3, s. 147-158
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The influence of the local density of aspen on the presence and abundance of four epiphytic bryophytes was investigated in four mixed forest stands in Central Sweden, each about 30 ha and aged 70-120 yr. Cover of the bryophytes Nyholmiella obtusifolia, Orthotrichum speciosum, Pylaisia polyantha and Radula complanata (the four most frequent aspen-specific epiphytic bryophytes in this region) was recorded on the bark of 155 systematically sampled aspen stems. In circular plots with 10 m radius surrounding each sampled aspen, information on ground vegetation, soil moisture and stand density was collected. In these plots, and also in plots with 5 m and 20 m radius, stem number and diameters of aspen trees were recorded together with an observation of the presence/absence of the four bryophytes. There was no general and consistent relation between aspen density and presence or abundance of the studied bryophytes. Site, host aspen diameter and forest stand structures were more important for the bryophytes. The site factor explained more of the variation than any of the studied variables. All species except N. obtusifolia were favoured by a large diameter of the host tree, and the density of the surrounding forest stand had a positive effect on the cover of Pyl. polyantha and R. complanata. The practical implications of the results are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Jonsson, Dage, et al.
(author)
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Gehörsspel för piano [Musiktryck]. D. 1, Visor
- 1996
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Gehörsspel för piano vänder sig i första hand till studerande vid musikhögskolor. Boken, som inkluderar 2 CD-skivor, vänder sig i första hand till studerande på musikhögskolor, gymnasieskolor och folkhögskolor. Den kan också användas vid undervisning inom musik- och kulturskolor samt i fortbildningssyfte. Man behöver dock vissa grundkunskaper i piano — materialet är alltså inte avsett för rena nybörjare. Metoden utgår från gehörsinlärning. Detta innebär att det i boken inte finns fullständiga noter till låtarna på de båda CD-skivorna. För att underlätta plankningen har man gett viss hjälp med t.ex. harmonier och ackord. (Ove Torstensson)
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| 6. |
- Jonsson, Dage, et al.
(author)
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Gehörsspel, piano. Del 1: Visor
- 1996
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Läromedel för piano/gehörsspel i första hand för grundskollärarutbildningens pianoundervisning, men även för GG- och IE-varianterna av musiklärarutbildningen.
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| 7. |
- Köchy, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Biogeography of vascular plants on habitat islands, peninsulas and mainlands in an east-central Swedish agricultural landscape
- 1997
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In: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 17:2, s. 215-223
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The increase of island species richness with area can be explained by an increase in habitat diversity or by an equilibrium of species immigration and extinction. We examined vascular plant species richness in 39 sites (24 habitat islands, 7 ‘habitat peninsulas’ and 8 comparable ‘mainland’ sites). We sampled at three scales: whole sites, meadows within sites and quadrats (4 m × 4 m) within meadows. All sites (10–104 m2) contained natural vegetation within arable fields in eascentral Sweden. There was a strong correlation between species richness and area for whole sites and for meadows There was no correlation, however, between species richness in quadrats and site area. The difference between site and meadow results on one side and quadrat results on the other suggests that species richness increases with whole site area primarily because large sites are more diverse than smaller ones. Speciearea relationships did not differ between islands, peninsula and mainland sites. Thus, patterns of species richness on our sites were more consistent with habitat diversity than an immigratioextinction equilibrium.
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| 8. |
- Rydin, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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Biological characteristics, habitat associations, and distribution of macrofungi in Sweden
- 1997
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In: Conservation Biology. - : Wiley. - 0888-8892 .- 1523-1739. ; 11:3, s. 628-640
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We conducted a statistical analysis of taxonomic and functional groups, of some ecological characteristics (edaphic factors, macro- and micro-habitats) and of the distribution of macrofungi in Sweden, based on an ecological data catalog of 3196 species. We placed particular emphasis on a comparison of threatened and non-threatened taxa. Differences in the proportions of threatened macrofungi were found among both taxonomic and functional groups, partly explained by a lack of information on some of the groups. A comparatively high proportion of threatened macrofungi is found on dry and base-rich soils. High relative numbers of threatened taxa occur in semi-natural open habitats such as calcareous grasslands and in southern deciduous hardwood forests on high-pH soils. Another habitat type of major importance for red-listed species is the boreal spruce forest. A high proportion of the wood-inhabiting species are red-listed; this is probably a result of the dramatic decrease in decaying wood in Swedish forests during this century. Both the absolute number of species and the absolute and relative numbers of threatened species decrease from south to north. Many functional and habitat characteristics differed between regions. Our overall results were largely consistent with those found for forest plants and animals. Some differences, however, were found when comparing macrofungal characteristics and levels of threat to macrofungi between Sweden and other European countries. Among the main threats to macrofungi in Sweden are modern forestry, the decrease of semi-natural open habitats as a result of changed land management practices, and, in southern Sweden, probably also air pollution.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Rydin, Håkan
(author)
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Competition between Sphagnum species under controlled conditions
- 1997
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In: The Bryologist. - 0007-2745 .- 1938-4378. ; 100:3, s. 302-307
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Previous field experiments had revealed high between-replicate variability in the outcome of competition among bog inhabiting Sphagnum species. I performed an experiment to test whether competition is more consistent render controlled conditions. Carpets
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