| 1. |
- Pohjonen, E-M, et al.
(author)
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Obstetric and perinatal risks after the use of donor sperm: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- 2022
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In: European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7654 .- 0301-2115. ; 274, s. 210-228
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Donor sperm is widely used in infertility treatments. The purpose of the study was to investigate, whether use of donor sperm in intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatments affect maternal and perinatal risks compared with spontaneously conceived pregnancies or use of partner sperm in IUI, IVF or ICSI. We provide a systematic review and meta-analyses on the most clinically relevant obstetric and perinatal outcomes after use of donor sperm compared with partner sperm: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preeclampsia, low birth weight, and preterm birth. Our meta-analyses showed an increased risk for preeclampsia (pooled adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.77, 95% CI 1.26-2.48) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pooled aOR 1.55, 95%, CI 1.20-2.00) in pregnancies resulting from IUI with donor sperm compared with IUI with partner sperm. No increased risk was seen for low birth weight or preterm birth after the use of donor sperm in IUI compared with the use of partner sperm in IUI. Subgroup analysis for singletons only did not change these results. The meta-analysis on low birth weight showed a lower risk after in IVF with donor sperm compared with IVF with partner sperm (pooled aOR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83-0.94). For hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preeclampsia and preterm birth, no difference was found between IVF with donor sperm vs. partner sperm. Patients need to be informed about the moderately increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and preeclampsia in pregnancies after IUI with donor sperm.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Ambio fit for the 2020s
- 2022
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In: Ambio. - : Springer Nature. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 51:5, s. 1091-1093
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
- Couto, Rafael Carvalho, et al.
(author)
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Breaking inversion symmetry by protonation : Experimental and theoretical NEXAFS study of the diazynium ion, N2H
- 2021
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In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 23:32, s. 17166-17176
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As an example of symmetry breaking in NEXAFS spectra of protonated species we present a high resolution NEXAFS spectrum of protonated dinitrogen, the diazynium ion N2H+. By ab initio calculations we show that the spectrum consists of a superposition of two nitrogen 1s absorption spectra, each including a π∗ band, and a nitrogen 1s to H+ charge transfer band followed by a weak irregular progression of high energy excitations. Calculations also show that, as an effect of symmetry breaking by protonation, the π∗ transitions are separated by 0.23 eV, only slightly exceeding the difference in the corresponding dark (symmetry forbidden) and bright (symmetry allowed) core excitations of neutral N2. By DFT and calculations and vibrational analysis, the complex π∗ excitation band of N2H+ is understood as due to the superposition of the significantly different vibrational progressions of excitations from terminal and central nitrogen atoms, both leading to bent final state geometries. We also show computationally that the electronic structure of the charge transfer excitation smoothly depends on the nitrogen-proton distance and that there is a clear extension of the spectra going from infinity to close nitrogen-proton distance where fine structures show some, although not fully detailed, similarities. An interesting feature of partial localization of the nitrogen core orbitals, with a strong, non-monotonous, variation with nitrogen-proton distance could be highlighted. Specific effects could be unraveled when comparing molecular cation NEXAFS spectra, as represented by recently recorded spectra of N2+ and CO+, and spectra of protonated molecules as represented here by the N2H+ ion. Both types containing rich physical effects not represented in NEXAFS of neutral molecules because of the positive charge, whereas protonation also breaks the symmetry. The effect of the protonation on dinitrogen can be separated in charge, which extends the high-energy part of the spectrum, and symmetry-breaking, which is most clearly seen in the low-energy π∗ transition.
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| 4. |
- Henriksson, Pontus, et al.
(author)
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Associations of body composition and physical fitness with gestational diabetes and cardiovascular health in pregnancy : Results from the HealthyMoms trial
- 2021
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In: Nutrition & Diabetes. - : SPRINGERNATURE. - 2044-4052. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine associations of body composition (fat mass index, % fat mass, fat-free mass index, body mass index) and physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness and handgrip strength) with gestational diabetes and cardiovascular health in early pregnancy. This cross-sectional study utilized baseline data (n = 303) collected in early pregnancy from the HealthyMoms trial. Body composition was measured using air-displacement plethysmography, cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by means of the 6-min walk test and handgrip strength using a dynamometer. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for gestational diabetes as well as high (defined as 1 SD above the mean) blood pressure, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and metabolic syndrome score (MetS score) per 1 SD increase in body composition and fitness variables. Fat mass index, % fat mass and body mass index were all strongly associated with gestational diabetes (ORs: 1.72-2.14, P <= 0.003), HOMA-IR (ORs: 3.01-3.80, P < 0.001), blood pressure (ORs: 1.81-2.05, P < 0.001) and MetS score (ORs: 3.29-3.71, P < 0.001). Associations with fat-free mass index were considerably weaker (ORs: 1.26-1.82, P = 0.001-0.15) and were strongly attenuated after adjustments for fat mass index (ORs: 0.88-1.54, P = 0.039-0.68). Finally, greater cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with lower risk of high HOMA-IR and MetS score (ORs: 0.57-0.63, P <= 0.004) although these associations were attenuated when accounting for fat mass index (ORs: 1.08-1.11, P >= 0.61). In conclusion, accurately measured fat mass index or % fat mass were strongly associated with gestational diabetes risk and markers of cardiovascular health although associations were not stronger than the corresponding ones for body mass index. Fat-free mass index had only weak associations with gestational diabetes and cardiovascular health which support that the focus during clinical care would be on excess fat mass and not fat-free mass.
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| 5. |
- Henström, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Self-reported (IFIS) versus measured physical fitness, and their associations to cardiometabolic risk factors in early pregnancy
- 2021
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Physical fitness is a strong marker of health, but objective fitness measurements are not always feasible. The International FItness Scale (IFIS) for self-reported fitness is a simple-to-use tool with demonstrated validity and reliability; however, validation in pregnancy needs to be confirmed. Also, its association with cardiometabolic health in pregnant women is unknown. Hence, we examined (1) the validity of the IFIS with objectively measured fitness, and (2) the associations of self-reported versus objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength with cardiometabolic risk factors in early pregnancy. Women (n = 303) from the HealthyMoms trial were measured at gestational week 14 for: CRF (6-min walk test); upper-body muscular strength (handgrip strength test); self-reported fitness (IFIS), body composition (air-displacement plethysmography); blood pressure and metabolic parameters (lipids, glucose, insulin). Higher self-reported fitness was associated with better measured fitness (ANOVA overall p < 0.01 for all fitness types), indicating the usefulness of the IFIS in pregnancy. Furthermore, higher self-reported overall fitness and CRF were associated with lower cardiometabolic risk scores (ANOVA p < 0.001), with similar results shown for measured CRF (ANOVA p < 0.001). The findings suggest that IFIS could be useful to stratify pregnant women in appropriate fitness levels on a population-based level where objective measurement is not possible.
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| 6. |
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Proceedings of the 18th Student Conference in Interaction Technology and Design and the 6th Student Conference in Electronics and Mechatronics
- 2020
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Editorial proceedings (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The joint Student Conference in Interaction Technology and Design and Student Conference in Electronics and Mechatronics is the annual grand finale of the courses Current Topic in Interaction Technology and Design and Student Conference in Electronics and Mechatronics at the Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University. The idea and objective of the two courses are to give the students a forum, where they can actively participate in scientific research and development through their own ideas and interests. The course introduces students to independently finding and researching a topic of interest for them, using a foreign language orally and in writing, writing a scientific article, peer-reviewing and presenting their work at a conference. The conference format was chosen to provide a realistic environment for the presentation of the results. The work has been reviewed both by other participant on the course and members of the department. If the reviews are favorable, the paper is accepted as a full paper at the conference and included in the proceedings.
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| 7. |
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Proceedings of the 19th Student Conference in Interaction Technology and Design
- 2020
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Editorial proceedings (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Student Conference in Interaction Technology and Design is the annual grand finale of the course Current Topic in Interaction Technology and Design at the Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University. The idea and objective of the course are to give the students a forum, where they can actively participate in scientific research and development through their own ideas and interests. The course introduces students to independently finding and researching a topic of interest for them, writing a scientific article, peer-reviewing, and presenting their work at a conference. The course is conducted in English both in writing and orally, and it is a foreign language for most of the students. The conference format is chosen to provide a realistic environment for the presentation of the results. The work of each student has been reviewed both by other participants on the course and members of the department. If the reviews are favorable, the paper is accepted as a full paper at the conference and included in the proceedings.
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| 8. |
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Proceedings of the 21st Student Conference in Interaction Technology and Design
- 2021
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Editorial proceedings (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Student Conference in Interaction Technology and Design is the annual grand finale of the course Current Topic in Interaction Technology and Design at the Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, Sweden. The main objective of the course is to give the participants a forum, where they can actively discuss scientific research and development through the implementation of their own ideas and interests. The course introduces students to independently finding and researching a topic of interest for them, finding related sources of information and related research publications, writing a scientific article, peer-reviewing, and presenting their work at a conference. The course is conducted in English which is a foreign language for most of the students. The final examination format is chosen as a conference to provide a realistic environment for the presentation of the results. The work of each student has been reviewed by other participants on the course and members of the department acting not only as teachers and consultants but also as program committee members. If the reviews are favorable, the paper is accepted as a full paper at the conference and included in the proceedings.
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| 9. |
- Svendsen, Brage B., et al.
(author)
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Analytical and Numerical Models for TE-Wave Absorption in a Graded-Index GNP-Treated Cell Substrate Inserted in a Waveguide
- 2022
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In: Applied Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3417. ; 12:14, s. 7097-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, absorption phenomena in a hollow waveguide with an inserted graded dielectric layer are studied, for the case of transverse electric (TE) wave propagation. The waveguide model aims to be applicable to a study of a potential cancer treatment by heating of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) inside the cancer cells. In our previous work, general exact analytical fomulas for transmission, reflection, and absorption coefficients were derived. These fomulas are further developed here to be readily applicable to the calculation of the absorption coefficient within the inserted lossy layer only, quantifying the absorption in the GNP-fed cancer tissue. To this end, we define new exact analytic scale factors that eliminate unessential absorption in the surrounding lossy medium. In addition, a numerical model was developed using finite element method software. We compare the numerical results for power transmission, reflection and absorption coefficients to the corresponding results obtained from the new modified exact analytic fomulas. The study includes both a simple example of constant complex permittivities, and a more realistic example where a dispersive model of permittivity is used to describe human tissue and the electrophoretic motion of charged GNPs. The results of the numerical study with both non-dispersive and dispersive permittivities indicate an excellent agreement with the corresponding analytical results. Thus, the model provides a valuable analytical and numerical tool for future research on absorption phenomena in GNP-fed cancer tissue.
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