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- Terracciano, A, et al.
(author)
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National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures
- 2005
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 310:5745, s. 96-100
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.
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- van de Merwe, JP, et al.
(author)
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Diagnostic Criteria, Classification, and Nomenclature for Painful Bladder Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis: An ESSIC Proposal.
- 2008
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In: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838. ; 53:1, s. 60-67
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract Objectives Because the term “interstitial cystitis” (IC) has different meanings in different centers and different parts of the world, the European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis (ESSIC) has worked to create a consensus on definitions, diagnosis, and classification in an attempt to overcome the lack of international agreement on various aspects of IC. Methods ESSIC has discussed definitions, diagnostic criteria, and disease classification in four meetings and extended e-mail correspondence. Results It was agreed to name the disease bladder pain syndrome (BPS). BPS would be diagnosed on the basis of chronic pelvic pain, pressure, or discomfort perceived to be related to the urinary bladder accompanied by at least one other urinary symptom such as persistent urge to void or urinary frequency. Confusable diseases as the cause of the symptoms must be excluded. Classification of BPS types might be performed according to findings at cystoscopy with hydrodistention and morphologic findings in bladder biopsies. The presence of other organ symptoms as well as cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and sexual symptoms, should be addressed. Conclusions The name IC has become misleading and is replaced by BPS. This name is in line with recent nomenclature recommendations by the European Association of Urology and is based on the axial structure of the International Association for the Study of Pain classification. To facilitate the change of the name, ESSIC agreed to include IC in the overall term (BPS/IC) during this transition period. Take Home Message The European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis recommends that the name “interstitial cystitis” be changed to “bladder pain syndrome.” A specific definition, diagnostic criteria, and patient evaluation standard are provided.
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- Wrange, Anna-Lisa, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Massive settlements of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, in Scandinavia.
- 2009
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In: Biological Invasions. - 1387-3547.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is an important aquaculture species world-wide. Due to its wide environmental tolerance and high growth rate, it has also become a successful invader in many areas, leading to major ecosystem changes. Low water temperatures were previously believed to restrict the establishment of Pacific oysters in Scandinavia. However, recent surveys reveal that the Pacific oyster is now established in many areas in Scandinavia. We present data on the current distribution, abundance and age-structure in Denmark, Sweden and Norway. The biomass of oysters in the Danish Wadden Sea increased from 1,056 to 6,264 tonnes between 2005 and 2007. Massive settlements were observed along the Swedish west coast in 2007, with densities >400 oysters per m−2. In Norway, populations are established on the southern coast, and specimens have been found as far north as 60°N. The potential impacts and probable causes of this recent large-scale establishment are discussed.
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- Azzouz, H, et al.
(author)
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Levitated droplet dye laser
- 2006
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In: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 14:10, s. 4374-4379
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the first observation, to our knowledge, of lasing from a levitated, dye droplet. The levitated droplets are created by computer controlled pico-liter dispensing into one of the nodes of a standing ultrasonic wave (100 kHz), where the droplet is trapped. The free hanging droplet forms a high quality optical resonator. Our 750 nL lasing droplets consist of Rhodamine 6G dissolved in ethylene glycol, at a concentration of 0.02 M. The droplets are optically pumped at 532 nm light from a pulsed, frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser, and the dye laser emission is analyzed by a fixed grating spectrometer. With this setup we have achieved reproducible lasing spectra in the visible wavelength range from 610 nm to 650 nm. The levitated droplet technique has previously successfully been applied for a variety of bio-analytical applications at single cell level. In combination with the lasing droplets, the capability of this high precision setup has potential applications within highly sensitive intra-cavity absorbance detection. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.
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- Cameron, F. J., et al.
(author)
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Are family factors universally related to metabolic outcomes in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes?
- 2008
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In: Diabetic Medicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0742-3071 .- 1464-5491. ; 25:4, s. 463-468
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMS: To assess the importance of family factors in determining metabolic outcomes in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes in 19 countries.METHODS: Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes aged 11-18 years, from 21 paediatric diabetes care centres, in 19 countries, and their parents were invited to participate. Questionnaires were administered recording demographic data, details of insulin regimens, severe hypoglycaemic events and number of episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis. Adolescents completed the parental involvement scale from the Diabetes Quality of Life for Youth--Short Form (DQOLY-SF) and the Diabetes Family Responsibility Questionnaire (DFRQ). Parents completed the DFRQ and a Parental Burden of Diabetes score. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) was analysed centrally on capillary blood.RESULTS: A total of 2062 adolescents completed a questionnaire, with 2036 providing a blood sample; 1994 parents also completed a questionnaire. Family demographic factors that were associated with metabolic outcomes included: parents living together (t = 4.1; P < 0.001), paternal employment status (F = 7.2; d.f. = 3; P < 0.001), parents perceived to be over-involved in diabetes care (r = 0.11; P < 0.001) and adolescent-parent disagreement on responsibility for diabetes care practices (F = 8.46; d.f. = 2; P < 0.001). Although these factors differed between centres, they did not account for centre differences in metabolic outcomes, but were stronger predictors of metabolic control than age, gender or insulin treatment regimen.CONCLUSIONS: Family factors, particularly dynamic and communication factors such as parental over-involvement and adolescent-parent concordance on responsibility for diabetes care appear be important determinants of metabolic outcomes in adolescents with diabetes. However, family dynamic factors do not account for the substantial differences in metabolic outcomes between centres
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- de Bruyn Kops, S. M., et al.
(author)
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Conditional mixing statistics in a self-siminar scalar mixing layer
- 2005
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In: Physics of Fluids. - : AIP Publishing. - 1070-6631 .- 1089-7666. ; 17:9, s. 1-11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Conditional scalar mixing statistics from a three-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a scalar mixing layer are presented in the context of modeling nonpremixed turbulent combustion. The simulation is closely matched to a particular laboratory experiment but with slight adjustments so that the simulated flow is very nearly self-similar. All statistics commonly used in mixing models are presented, along with comparisons to models and laboratory data where available. A model for the conditional scalar dissipation rate (CSD), recently introduced by Mortensen ["Consistent modeling of scalar mixing for presumed multiple parameter probability density functions," Phys. Fluids 17, 018106 (2005)], is tested against the data set, as is a Lagrangian stochastic trajectory technique recently published by Sawford ["Conditional scalar mixing statistics in homogenous isotropic turbulence," New J. Phys. 6, 1 (2004)]. It is concluded that (i) the DNS data set provides an excellent, high-resolution description of the scalar mixing layer that can be used for developing and verifying models for scalar mixing; (ii) the self-consistent CSD model of Mortensen is necessary for consistent implementations of the conditional moment closure, but for the current flow it gives only small adjustments to the more commonly adopted model of Girimaji ["On the modeling of scalar diffusion in isotropic turbulence," Phys. Fluids A 4, 2529 (1992)]; and (iii) Sawford's Lagrangian technique very closely predicts the DNS results.
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