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- Georsson, K, et al.
(author)
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Transmission electron microscopy of InP Stranski‐Krastanow islands buried in GaInP
- 1995
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In: Physica Status Solidi (A) Applied Research. - : Wiley. - 0031-8965. ; 150:1, s. 479-487
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- InP islands in a matrix of GaInP are investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The islands are uniform in size and shape, and are formed though self‐organized Stranski‐Krastanow growth. The introduction of a 4 ML intermediate GaP layer eliminates the bimodal distribution found in films where the InP was grown directly on the GaInP layer. The achieved island density is around 2 × 109 cm−2, and the basal plane of the InP islands is around 40 × 50 nm2. A model is suggested for the shape where the islands are in a truncated pyramidal form, showing {111}, {110}, and (001) facets, with an island height of 10 to 15 nm. A fast and simple specimen preparation method is suggested, based on laser assisted chemical etching.
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- Michaelsen, K F, et al.
(author)
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Serum bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein in a longitudinal study of infants : lower values in formula-fed infants.
- 1992
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In: Pediatric Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 31:4 Pt 1, s. 401-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein [BGP (osteocalcin)] is a protein synthesized by osteoblasts and incorporated in the bone matrix. Serum BGP is a sensitive marker of bone formation, and it parallels the growth velocity curve during childhood and adolescence. Serum BGP was measured at the age of 2, 6, and 9 mo in a cohort study of nutrition and growth in 91 healthy infants. At 2 mo, the mean BGP value (+/- SD) was 275 +/- 87 ng/mL in infants exclusively breast-fed, and 80 +/- 44 ng/mL in formula-fed infants. At 6 mo, the values were 142 +/- 58 ng/mL and 55 +/- 30 ng/mL, and at 9 mo 75 +/- 39 ng/mL and 45 +/- 19 ng/mL in partially breast-fed and formula-fed infants, respectively. The differences were significant (p less than 0.001) at all three ages. At 2 and 9 mo, breast-milk intake was measured by test-weighing. Serum BGP was positively correlated to breast milk intake (mL/kg body wt) at 2 mo (r = 0.59, p less than 0.001) and 9 mo (r = 0.41, p = 0.06). When breast-feeding was stopped, the high BGP concentrations were not sustained. There were no significant differences in linear growth velocity between breast-fed and formula-fed infants and no correlation between BGP values and linear growth velocity. We speculate that either a factor in human milk or the level of minerals in human milk causes the high BGP values. Moreover, if the higher values are associated with increased osteoblast activity, then the remodeling or the mineralization of bone might be different in infants not being breast-fed.
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| 7. |
- Michaelsen, K F, et al.
(author)
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Serum bone Gla Protein (BGP, Osteocalcin) in Infants : Values Positively Correlated with Human Milk Intake.
- 1992
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In: Mechanisms Regulating Lactation and Infant Nutrient Utilization. - : Wiley-Liss. - 0471561347 ; , s. 419-423
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein [BGP (osteocalcin)] is a protein synthesized by osteoblasts and incorporated in the bone matrix. Serum BGP is a sensitive marker of bone formation, and it parallels the growth velocity curve during childhood and adolescence. Serum BGP was measured at the age of 2, 6, and 9 mo in a cohort study of nutrition and growth in 91 healthy infants. At 2 mo, the mean BGP value (+/- SD) was 275 +/- 87 ng/mL in infants exclusively breast-fed, and 80 +/- 44 ng/mL in formula-fed infants. At 6 mo, the values were 142 +/- 58 ng/mL and 55 +/- 30 ng/mL, and at 9 mo 75 +/- 39 ng/mL and 45 +/- 19 ng/mL in partially breast-fed and formula-fed infants, respectively. The differences were significant (p less than 0.001) at all three ages. At 2 and 9 mo, breast-milk intake was measured by test-weighing. Serum BGP was positively correlated to breast milk intake (mL/kg body wt) at 2 mo (r = 0.59, p less than 0.001) and 9 mo (r = 0.41, p = 0.06). When breast-feeding was stopped, the high BGP concentrations were not sustained. There were no significant differences in linear growth velocity between breast-fed and formula-fed infants and no correlation between BGP values and linear growth velocity. We speculate that either a factor in human milk or the level of minerals in human milk causes the high BGP values. Moreover, if the higher values are associated with increased osteoblast activity, then the remodeling or the mineralization of bone might be different in infants not being breast-fed.
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