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- Hellstrom-Lindberg, E., et al.
(author)
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A validated decision model for treating the anaemia of myelodysplastic syndromes with erythropoietin + granulocyte colony-stimulating factor : Significant effects on quality of life
- 2003
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In: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 120, s. 1037-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have published previously a prototype of a decision model for anaemic patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), in which transfusion need and serum erythropoietin (S-Epo) were used to define three groups with different probabilities of erythroid response to treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) + Epo. S-Epo = 500 U/l and a transfusion need of < 2 units/month predicted a high probability of response to treatment, S-Epo > 500 U/l and =2 units/month for a poor response, whereas the presence of only one negative prognostic marker predicted an intermediate response. A total of 53 patients from a prospective study were included in our evaluation sample. Patients with good or intermediate probability of response were treated with G-CSF + Epo. The overall response rate was 42% with 28.3% achieving a complete and 13.2% a partial response to treatment. The response rates were 61% and 14% in the good and intermediate predictive groups respectively. The model retained a significant predictive value in the evaluation sample (P < 0.001). Median duration of response was 23 months. Scores for global health and quality of life (QOL) were significantly lower in MDS patients than in a reference population, and fatigue and dyspnoea was significantly more prominent. Global QOL improved in patients responding to treatment (P = 0.01). The validated decision model defined a subgroup of patients with a response rate of 61% (95% confidence interval 48-74%) to treatment with G-CSF + Epo. The majority of these patients have shown complete and durable responses.
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- Rojdestvenski, I, et al.
(author)
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A carbonic anhydrase catalyzed CO2 pump in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii : In vivo experiments, computer modelling, and theory
- 2000
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In: Russian journal of plant physiology. - 1021-4437 .- 1608-3407. ; 47:5, s. 613-621
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We studied the bicarbonate depletion effects on photosynthesis in high-CO2 grown-cell wall-less mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with (cw92) and without (cia3/cw15) active carbonic anhydrase (CA) associated with photosystem II (PSII). The mutants were grown in a high-CO2 medium and then washed with a CO2-free buffer. We discuss the shutdown of oxygen evolution in cw92 as a consequence of CO2 depletion of the Calvin cycle. It is suggested that CA acts as part of a PSII-driven pump delivering CO2 from the lumen into the stroma, where it becomes available to the Calvin cycle. Our model is supported by computer simulation data and accommodates the results of in vivo experiments as well as the differences between cw92 and cia3 mutants. We also present a simple theory of the phenomena discussed, based on a time-scale hierarchy approach, which describes the CO2 depletion in cw92 using only two rate constants-V-max and K-m of the Calvin cycle.
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- Dahlgren, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Synthesis of potential thrombin inhibitors. Incorporation of tartaric acid templates as P2 proline mimetics
- 2002
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In: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. - 0968-0896 .- 1464-3391. ; 10:5, s. 1567-1580
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the objective to prepare novel non-peptidic thrombin inhibitors, bioisosteres of the inhibitory tripeptide D-Phe-Pro-Arg chain have been examined. Thus, the P1 Arg was replaced with p-amidinobenzylamine, an elongated homologue of the same and with 2,5-dichloro benzylamine. The P2-P3, D-Phe-Pro, was replaced with a novel tartaric acid template coupled to a series of readily available, mainly lipophilic, amines. Some of these compounds exhibit promising thrombin inhibition activity in vitro, IC50~5.9 µM. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- Hansson, Karl-Martin, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Formation of HNCO, HCN, and NH3 from the pyrolysis of bark and nitrogen-containing model compounds
- 2004
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In: Combustion and Flame. - 1556-2921 .- 0010-2180. ; 137, s. 265-277
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bark pellets have been pyrolyzed in a fluidized bed reactor at temperatures between 700 and 1000C. Identifiednitrogen-containing species were hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia (NH3), and isocyanic acid (HNCO). Quantification of HCN and to some extent of NH3 was unreliable at 700 and 800C due to low concentrations. HNCO could not be quantified with any accuracy at any temperature for bark, due to the low concentrations found. Since most of the nitrogen in biomass is bound in proteins, various protein-rich model compounds were pyrolyzed with the aim of finding features that are protein-specific, making conclusions regarding the model compounds applica-ble for biomass fuels in general. The model compounds used were a whey protein isolate, soya beans, yellow peas,and shea nut meal. The split between HCN and NH3 depends on the compound and temperature. It was found that the HCN/NH3 ratio is very sensitive to temperature and increases with increasing temperature for all compounds, including bark. Comparing the ratio for the different compounds at a fixed temperature, the ratio was found to decrease with decreasing release of volatile nitrogen. The temperature dependence implies that heating rate andthereby particle size affect the split between HCN and NH3. For whey, soya beans, and yellow peas, HNCO was also quantified. It is suggested that most HCN and HNCO are produced from cracking of cyclic amides formed as primary pyrolysis products. The dependence of the HNCO/HCN ratio on the compound is fairly small, but the temperature dependence of the ratio is substantial, decreasing with increasing temperature. The release of nitrogen-containing species does not seem to be greatly affected by the other constituents of the fuel, and proteins appear to be suitable model compounds for the nitrogen in biomass.
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