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- Andersson-Roswall, Lena, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Verbal cognition and attention deficits do not explain the verbal memory decline associated with pharmacoresistant partial epilepsy
- 2007
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In: Epilepsy & Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-5050. ; 11:3, s. 413-420
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore whether change in verbal memory with time in patients with epilepsy is influenced by performance on tasks assessing verbal cognition or attention/processing speed. Thirty-six patients and twenty-five healthy controls were tested twice with median retest intervals of 4.8 and 3.1 years, respectively. Aspects of verbal memory, verbal cognition, and attention/processing speed were assessed. Decline in one verbal memory variable (Cronholm–Molander Memory Test Paired Associates—Delayed Recall) was the strongest correlate of epilepsy. The second strongest correlate was a decrease in one attention/processing speed variable (Digit Symbol). The relationship between decline in verbal memory and epilepsy was not influenced by the decline in attention/processing speed, and the results did not support the notion that limited mental reserves as reflected in impaired verbal cognition or attention/processing speed can explain the relationship between verbal memory and epilepsy.
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- Dellve, Lotta, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Stress and well-being among parents of children with rare diseases: a prospective intervention study
- 2006
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In: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - Oxford : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 53:4, s. 392-402
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: This paper reports a study to assess stress, well-being and supportive resources experienced by mothers and fathers of children with rare disabilities, and how these variables were affected by an intensive family competence intervention. BACKGROUND: Despite diagnosis-specific studies, little overall knowledge exists about life-consequences for families of children with rare disorders. METHOD: We used a prospective design with baseline data and two follow-ups (at 6 and 12 months) after an intervention. The intervention aimed at empowering parents in managing their child's disability. Parents from all parts of Sweden visiting a national centre for families of children with rare disabilities were consecutively selected (n = 136 mothers, 108 fathers). Instruments of parental stress, social support, self-rated health, optimism and life satisfaction and perceived physical or psychological strain were used. Stratified analyses were carried out for mothers and fathers, and related to parental demands: single mothers, full-time employment, participation in a parent association, child's age and type of disability. RESULTS: We found high parental stress, physical and emotional strain among mothers, especially among single mothers. Fathers showed high stress related to incompetence, which decreased after the intervention. Decreased strain was found among full-time working mothers and fathers after the intervention. Parents' perceived knowledge and active coping and mothers' perceived social support were increased at follow-up. Factors related to parents' overall life satisfaction (57-70% explained variance) changed after the intervention, from being more related to internal demands (perceived strain, incompetence and social isolation) to other conditions, such as problems related to spouse, paid work and social network. CONCLUSION: Parents, especially fathers and full-time working parents, may benefit from an intensive family competence programme.
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- Ekström, Anne-Berit, 1960, et al.
(author)
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Autism spectrum conditons in myotonic dystrophy type 1: A study on 57 individuals with congenital and childhood forms
- 2008
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In: American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics. - : Wiley. - 1552-4841 .- 1552-485X. ; 147B:6, s. 918-926
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant disorder, caused by an expansion of a CTG triplet repeat in the DMPK gene. The aims of the present study were to classify a cohort of children with DM1, to describe their neuropsychiatric problems and cognitive level, to estimate the size of the CTG expansion, and to correlate the molecular findings with the neuropsychiatric problems. Fifty-seven children and adolescents (26 females; 31 males) with DM1 (CTG repeats > 40) were included in the study. The following instruments were used: Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), 5-15, Griffiths Mental Development Scales, and the Wechsler Scales. Based on age at onset and presenting symptoms, the children were divided into four DM1 groups; severe congenital (n = 19), mild congenital (n = 18), childhood (n = 18), and classical DM1 (n = 2). Forty-nine percent had an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autistic disorder was the most common diagnosis present in 35% of the subjects. Eighty-six percent of the individuals with DM1 had mental retardation (MR), most of them moderate or severe MR. ASD was significantly correlated with the DM1 form; the more severe the form of DM1, the higher the frequency of ASD. The frequency of ASD increased with increasing CTG repeat expansions. ASD and/or other neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Tourette's disorder were found in 54% of the total DM1. group. In conclusion, awareness of ASD comorbidity in DM1. is essential. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the molecular etiology causing neurodevelopmental symptoms such as ASD and MR in DM1. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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- Engman, Elisabeth, 1942, et al.
(author)
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Serial cognitive change patterns across time after temporal lobe resection for epilepsy
- 2006
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In: Epilepsy Behav. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-5050. ; 8:4, s. 765-72
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Longitudinal cognitive outcome with respect to general cognitive status and memory at the group and individual levels was studied 10 years after temporal lobe resection for epilepsy. Twenty-five patients who had undergone a medium-term follow-up (T2, median = 2.7 years) also underwent a long-term follow-up (T3, median = 9.8 years). At the group level, there was a significant increment across time, partly due to practice, in IQ (P value from 0.049 to <0.0001) but not in memory variables. On the basis of the normative interval of reassessed matched controls, the analysis at the individual level of change from baseline to T2 disclosed decrements in 12-29% of the patients and increments in 8-21%. These proportions diminished at T3 (0-12 and 0-16%) and the dominating pattern of Performance IQ and verbal memory was a return toward baseline. These findings make the interpretation of an initial (T2) postoperative increment or decrement more problematic and underline the need for a comprehensive evaluation across time, including both at the group and individual levels.
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- Eriksson-Gustavsson, Anna-Lena, 1949-, et al.
(author)
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Didaktiska samtal i specialpedagogiska kontexter : En studie av undervisning i grundläggande svenska och matematik
- 2007
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Larmrapporter om hur svenska elever presterar har under senare tid avlöst varandra. I de senaste nationella och också internationellt järnförande studierna av elevers skriftspråkliga och rnatematiska förmåga, har det visat sig att svenska elever presterar sämre såväl inom "matematikens som svenskans områden" (NU 2003, PISA, Tirnss). Den internationella OECD-studien PISA visar t.ex. att 17% av svenska elever i skolår 9 presterar på den lägsta nivån i matema tik. Vad gäller läsförståelsen så presterar 13 % av svenska elever på den lägsta nivån. Det är ingen orimlig tanke att dessa elever har va rit föremål för specialundervisning. Specialundervisningen och den specialpedagogiska verksamheten i maternatik och svenska lyfts implicit upp på agendan.Specialpedagogisk verksamhet, specialundervisning och special pedagogik, har under senare tid varit föremål för studier, diskus sioner och debatt i olika sammanhang (Börjesson, 1997; Haug, 1998, Persson, 1998; Nilholm, 2003; Brodin & Lindstrand, 2004). Analys och problematisering av begreppen norrnalitet och avvikelse har varit centralt, likaväl som bearbetning av ideologiska och teoretiska perspektiv på kunskapsområdet specialpedagogik I en del studier har centrala begrepp analyserats och problematiserats för att bidra till utvecklingen av en teoretisk ram eftersom specialpedagogiken hittills ansetts vara ett kunskapsområde med en svag teoriförank ring (Skrtic, 1988; Helldin, 1997). Andra studier med specialpedago gisk inriktning har foku1 rat organisatoriska perspektiv vad gäller specialpedagogisk verksamhet. Dessa studier har berört specialun dervisningens omfattning, t.ex. antal elever som åtnjutit specialpe dagogiska insatser samt orsaker till dessa insatser (Persson, 1998). De två ovan beskrivna perspektiven visar på den tudelning som specialpedagogiken och den specialpedagogiska kunskapen idag kännetecknas av. Det är å ena sidan den politiska och norrnativa ideologiska diskursen där norrnalitet och avvikelse problematiseras utifrån det svenska samhällets krav på likvärdighet, jämställdhet, deltagande och demokrati. Å andra sidan finns den handlingsorien terade diskursen med fokus på organisering, resurser och kompe tens. Den senare praxisinriktade forskningen skiljer oftast inte på begreppen specialpedagogik och specialundervisning och det är företrädesvis denna inriktning som debatterats i press och media un der 90-talet och som vi senare ska visa behöver studeras vad gäller undervisningen i företrädesvis ämnena matematik och svenska.
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