| 1. |
- Bonagas, Nadilly, et al.
(author)
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Pharmacological targeting of MTHFD2 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by inducing thymidine depletion and replication stress
- 2022
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In: NATURE CANCER. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-1347. ; 3:2, s. 156-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The folate metabolism enzyme MTHFD2 (methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase) is consistently overexpressed in cancer but its roles are not fully characterized, and current candidate inhibitors have limited potency for clinical development. In the present study, we demonstrate a role for MTHFD2 in DNA replication and genomic stability in cancer cells, and perform a drug screen to identify potent and selective nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitors; protein cocrystal structures demonstrated binding to the active site of MTHFD2 and target engagement. MTHFD2 inhibitors reduced replication fork speed and induced replication stress followed by S-phase arrest and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo, with a therapeutic window spanning four orders of magnitude compared with nontumorigenic cells. Mechanistically, MTHFD2 inhibitors prevented thymidine production leading to misincorporation of uracil into DNA and replication stress. Overall, these results demonstrate a functional link between MTHFD2-dependent cancer metabolism and replication stress that can be exploited therapeutically with this new class of inhibitors. Helleday and colleagues describe a nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitor that causes replication stress and DNA damage accumulation in cancer cells via thymidine depletion, demonstrating a potential therapeutic strategy in AML tumors in vivo.
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| 2. |
- Bühlmann, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Temperature influence on tire/road noise measurements : Recently collected data and discussion of various issues related to standard testing procedures
- 2021
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In: Proceedings of INTER-NOISE 2021. - : The Institute of Noise Control Engineering of the USA, Inc.. - 9781732598652
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Air, road, and tire temperatures substantially affect tire/road noise emission. For measuring purposes, one would like to normalize measurements to a reference temperature by means of a reliable correction procedure. Current studies show that temperature effects remain an important source of uncertainty in tire/road noise measurements and tire testing, even after applying the correction terms provided in the various standards. This seems to be the case for the measurement methods used in OBSI, CPX, SPB, and various regulations or directives based on ECE R117. This paper examines a new dataset consisting of 7.5 million temperature measurements aimed at contributing to a better understanding of temperature effects and the ways they relate to air, road, and tire temperatures. It is assumed that tire temperatures are the most relevant for noise corrections; therefore, special studies are made for how tire temperatures relate to air and road (test surface) temperatures. A profound analysis is provided on how these relationships vary over different day times, seasons, and climatic regions. Based on this analysis, the authors provide suggestions for improvement of temperature normalization in current tire/road noise and tire testing standards. Special considerations are devoted to measurements on test tracks having ISO 10844 reference surfaces.
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| 3. |
- Fredriksson, Ulf, 1954-, et al.
(author)
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A Decade of International and Comparative Education Research at the Department of Education, Stockholm University : Challenges and Achievements [Ett decennium av internationell och jämförande pedagogisk forskning vid institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, Stockholms universitet: Utmaningar och resultat]
- 2022
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In: The Department of Education at Stockholm University. - Stockholm : Bokförlaget Atlas. - 9789174450385 ; , s. 95-120
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The research group on International and Comparative Education builds on earlier traditions in the field from Stockholm University and is nowadays an integrated part of the Department of Education. This chapter begins with a retrospective view of the history of international and comparative education at Stockholm University. It describes the development of this research field at the Department of Education and the work with partner organisations, universities and colleagues. The chapter will also touch on the Master’s Program in International and Comparative Education. The current function of international and comparative education at the department in 2021 will be described and discussed as the group continues to develop research with local, national and international scholars, research organisations, colleagues and other educational actors.
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| 4. |
- Fredriksson, Ulf, 1954-, et al.
(author)
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School absenteeism among students in Germany, Japan, Sweden, and the United Kingdom: : A comparative study using PISA data
- 2023
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In: Nordic Journal of Comparative and International Education (NJCIE). - 2535-4051. ; 7:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- School absenteeism is a challenge in many countries. Still, there are few comparisons between countries, which is partly due to a lack of shared definitions of concepts. This article makes use of PISA data to compare self-reported student absenteeism in Germany, Japan, Sweden, and the United Kingdom (UK). Three data sets are used, from 2012, 2015, and 2018. The self-reported absenteeism, which is referred to as truancy in the PISA studies, was measured as having skipped a whole school day at least once in the two full weeks before students completed the PISA student questionnaire.The results show great variation between the studied countries, from 24.4% in the UK in 2015 to 1.5% in Japan in 2012. The percentage of students who reported having skipped school is much higher in the UK than in the other three countries. The differences between the countries concerning the percentage of students reporting having been absent from school are significant for all years, except between Sweden and Germany in 2015. Germany and the UK have a similar pattern in development, with the highest percentages in 2015, while Sweden and Japan have small (albeit not significant) increases from 2012 to 2018. The UK is the only country where the changes between 2012 and 2015 as well as between 2015 and 2018 were significant.It is not possible to see any obvious patterns between the countries that might be linked to differences related to their welfare regimes, education systems, or values. To find such patterns, it may be necessary either to include more countries in a study or to conduct more in-depth studies on each country.
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| 5. |
- Fredriksson, Ulf, 1954-, et al.
(author)
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Which students skip school? A comparative study of sociodemographic factors and student absenteeism using PISA data
- 2024
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In: PLOS ONE. - 1932-6203. ; 19:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article explores which students–with regard to gender, socio-economic background and migration background–skip school in Germany, Japan, Sweden and the United Kingdom (UK) according to PISA data. Students who skip school are observed in many countries, but there is not much systematic research that studies this across countries. Comparable data is to a large extent missing. PISA data offers an opportunity to use comparable data. In PISA, students were asked in 2018, 2015 and 2012 whether they had skipped school a whole day in the last two weeks prior to their completion of the PISA student questionnaire. Patterns of how absence relates to sociodemographic factors vary in countries and school systems. In the comparison between the four countries the UK stands out as having a higher percentage of students who have reported that they have skipped school than in the other countries. This does not seem to be related to any specific group of students. Japan also stands out with a lower percentage of students who have reported that they have skipped school. According to PISA data, skipping school is more related to socio-economic background than any other of the variables studied. The socio-economic background seems to be related to skipping school in all three PISA studies in Sweden and the UK. Gender seems not to be an important factor in the four countries. In Sweden and Germany there is a lower percentage of non-immigrant students who report that they have skipped school than first-and second-generation immigrant students. In the UK the figures are more ambiguous. When the percentages of students skipping school are compared over time and in the countries, it is difficult to find any trends, but the data only covered three measurements during a period of six years, which may be too short a time span to see trends.
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| 6. |
- Goubert, Luc, et al.
(author)
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The balance between practicality and uncertainty in the SPB method : How many heavy vehicles do we need to measure?
- 2020
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In: Proceedings of 2020 International Congress on Noise Control Engineering, INTER-NOISE 2020. - : Korean Society of Noise and Vibration Engineering. - 9788994021362
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The statistical pass-by (SPB) method is an internationally standardized method (ISO 11819-1:1997), designed to assess the acoustical properties of pavements. Although the method is attractive for several reasons (such as low investment, measuring of the overall vehicle noise, representativity of the result for actual noise exposure of the dwellings along the road etc.), it also has some important inconveniences and one of the main is the sometimes excessive duration of the measurement. A factor which is responsible for the excessive duration is the requirement to monitor a minimum of heavy vehicles (at least 80 in the current standard). The ISO 11819 standard is currently under revision and one of the requirements that the working group considers changing is to require a lower number of heavy vehicles to be monitored per measurement. In this paper we will discuss the consequences of this on the accuracy of the measurement result. Another problem perceived by the users of the method is the sometimesdifficult assignment to an HV category and this issue will be discussed as well. © Proceedings of 2020 International Congress on Noise Control Engineering, INTER-NOISE 2020. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Huber, Johannes A. J., 1989-
(author)
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Numerical Modelling of Timber Building Components to Prevent Disproportionate Collapse
- 2021
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- An increasing number of multi-storey buildings are being constructed with engineered wood products, such as glulam or cross-laminated timber (CLT). Multi-storey timber buildings can be safely designed for foreseeable loads, but knowledge is limited concerning their ability to survive unforeseeable events, e.g. accidents, natural disasters or terrorism. Multi-storey buildings with many occupants are required to be able to resist a disproportionate collapse due to an unexpected event. Collapse resistance consists of three lines of defence: I) decreasing the probability of the event, II) decreasing the structural vulnerability and III) increasing the structural robustness. The focus of the present thesis is on defence lines II and III, since they can be affected by engineering considerations.Robustness requires the availability of alternative load paths (ALPs) after an initial structural damage, e.g. the removal of an element. The activation of an ALP, e.g. catenary action, usually happens as the result of a larger displacement than that for which the components are designed, and with the participation of the surrounding structure. Physical tests of removal scenarios are expensive and they are often unable to represent realistic building situations. Numerical models can replace physical tests, e.g. by introducing parameter variations or changed boundary conditions, and can deliver an insight into the underlying mechanisms. Vulnerability depends on the ability of individual components of the structure to withstand loads greater than their intended design loads. To reduce vulnerability, so-called key elements can be be made overly strong. If the uncertainty concerning the material properties is high, e.g. for timber, both nominally stronger and larger amounts of material are required, resulting in inefficient material utilisation. Automated strength grading of sawn timber can narrow the uncertainty, but, even with the current technologies, the variations in the graded material remain large.The predictive power of computerised models for sawn timber offers a great potential for integration with traditional strength grading based on testing combined with statistical models. So far, surface data of sawn timber has been used for numerical models, but X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning equipment now being installed in sawmills has made it possible to measure the inner structure of logs. Using CT data could make it possible to develop high-fidelity numerical models for predicting the mechanical properties of sawn timber, possibly even before sawing, and this could reduce the uncertainty for structural components and enable the production of high-strength timber. However, attempts to develop CT-based models for timber have been scarce.The objective of the work presented herein was to advance the research front regarding the prevention of disproportionate collapse in multi-storey timber buildings. The work has focused on numerical modelling aspects and on subsystems and components, rather than on entire buildings. The goals were: 1) to describe the state of the art regarding the prevention of disproportionate collapse and its application in timber buildings, 2) to develop models to identify and quantify the ALPs in subsystems and components of CLT buildings, and 3) to develop models of sawn timber based on X-ray CT scanning data, to reduce the uncertainty regarding the mechanical properties of the timber.For goal 1, the literature was reviewed and a survey was conducted among practitioners and researchers in the field. The results provided an extensive overview of the topic and the status quo in the industry, and identified a scarcity of guidelines for multi-storey CLT buildings.For goal 2, non-linear finite element (FE) models were developed for quasi-static pushdown analyses. A study of a platform joint first validated some modelling assumptions. The ALPs in single storeys in a corner bay of an 8-storey CLT building were then studied after the removal of bottom-storey walls. In subsequent parameter variations, the full bay was studied in dynamic analyses. The results identified six different ALPs, which were dependent on the connection capacities and the shear capacity of the floor panels, and indicated that collapse was likely after a double wall removal, but unlikely after a single wall removal. Furthermore, the ALPs in a platform-type CLT floor system were studied in parameter variations of calibrated FE models. The results showed how three different ALPs can develop, depending on the storey, the floor geometry and the connectors.For goal 3, a method was developed for the generation of continuum and FE models from CT scanning data of sawn timber, in which the knots, pith and local fibre orientations were reconstructed. The models gave realistic impressions and they could predict the bending stiffness, strength and initial failure location for Norway spruce sawn timber. The predictions improved, if the eigenfrequency of the sawn timber was also considered for modelling.
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| 8. |
- Kreitz-Sandberg, Susanne, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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Comparative Perspectives on School Attendance, Absenteeism, and Preventive Measures in Europe and Beyond
- 2023
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In: European Education. - 1056-4934 .- 1944-7086. ; 55:3-4, s. 137-147
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is growing concern in many countries about school absenteeism with its wide range of topics and challenges. International comparative studies on school attendance are rare. Methods, actors’ perspectives, theoretical stance and approaches to comparison also vary in the field. We want to shed new light on school attendance, absenteeism, and prevention for counteracting related problems. We propose new research questions to the study of attendance, absenteeism, and preventive measures in international and comparative research.
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| 9. |
- Kreitz-Sandberg, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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Recording and Reporting School Attendance and Absence : International Comparative Views on Attendance Statistics in Sweden, Germany, England, and Japan
- 2023
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In: ORBIS SCHOLAE. - 1802-4637 .- 2336-3177. ; 16:3, s. 187-212
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is general consensus on the negative consequences of school non-attendance, but from an international comparative perspective, it is surprising how few studies have compared school attendance problems (SAPs) in different societies and education systems. In this article, SAPs are analysed through the lens of official statistics in four countries with different education systems: England, Japan, Germany (represented by two federal states), and Sweden. The purpose of this article is to investigate which data on school attendance and absence are available in four different countries and to facilitate a comparison between school attendance statistics and possibly different conceptualisations of SAPs. The article analyses statistics and official data collected by national school authorities and education agencies. Backgrounds within systems are provided and differences between the countries are analysed. England and Japan provide official data to the public on a regular basis, while Sweden and most federal states in Germany do not. A lower threshold for how much absence is considered problematic is found for Japan, England, and Thuringia (one of the investigated German federal states) compared to Sweden and Berlin (the other German federal state under study). Due to differences in recording and reporting school attendance, it is not possible to compare the quantitative extent of the problem or trends regarding SAPs across the four countries based on the available official school statistics.
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| 10. |
- Kreitz-Sandberg, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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‘We have our lessons in Teams’ – Strategies chosen in Swedish schools during the COVID-19 pandemic and consequences for students in upper secondary education
- 2022
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In: Tertium Comparationis Journal für International und Interkulturell Vergleichende Erziehungswissenschaft. - : Waxmann. - 0947-9732 .- 1434-1697. ; 28:3, s. 250-273
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic, compulsory schools were generally kept open but upper secondary schools closed and turned instead to distance education for a time during the spring term 2020. This article investigates the strategies chosen in Swedish schools, with special focus on the consequences of these decisions for students in upper secondary education. The study, built on interviews with a group of 15- to 19-year-old youths, contributes through a student perspective on learning from home during remote education. The article analyzes the strategy in the Swedish education sector during the pandemic, and describes how a group of upper secondary students perceived the shift to digital and remote teaching during the pandemic with regard to the availability of the digital infrastructure and to studying under the new conditions of distance and remote education. Possible lessons to learn from the pandemic in Sweden could be that students are better technically prepared to work with computers, but less prepared to work independently.
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