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| 2. |
- Ahlgren, Serina, et al.
(author)
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Sustainable performance of lignocellulose-based ethanol and biogas co-produced in innovative biorefinery systems
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study delineates promising, innovative and resource efficient biochemical production concepts for the integrated production of ethanol and biogas as vehicle fuels from lignocellulosic biomass feedstock. Four scenarios are studied, two based on straw as feedstock, including a small- and a large-scale biofuel plant, one based on hemp as feedstock, representing an energy crop, and large-scale plant, and one based on a forest residue-based, large-scale plant. The study is based on a literature review and previous and ongoing work performed by the project partners, where the efficiency in pre-treatment and bioconversion to fuels in integrated processes have been experimentally determined. The complementary assessments performed within the study include modelling of energy and cost performance, and life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas performance. In addition, suitable geographic locations are identified, based on the technical implementation potential in existing infrastructure in Swedish district heating systems and forest industries, and on the regional potential of sustainable lignocellulosic feedstock supply from agriculture and forestry. The overall conclusion is that integrated production of ethanol and biogas from lignocellulosic feedstock is promising from various aspects and has the potential to provide several benefits, compared with separate production systems.
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| 3. |
- Dalteg, Tomas, et al.
(author)
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Managing uncertainty in couples living with atrial fibrillation
- 2014
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In: Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - 0889-4655 .- 1550-5049. ; 29:3, s. E1-E10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Living with a chronic disease such as atrial fibrillation (AF) not only affects the patient but also has implications for the partner. There is a lack of research on couples living with AF and, in particular, how they experience and deal with the disease.Objective: The aim of this study was to explore couples’ main concerns when one of the spouses is afflicted with AF and how they continually handle it within their partner relationship.Methods: Classical grounded theory was used throughout the study for data collection and analysis. Interviews were conducted with 12 couples (patient and partner together). There were follow-up interviews with 2 patients and 2 partners separately.Results: Couples living with AF experience uncertainty as a common main concern. This uncertainty was fundamentally rooted in not knowing the cause of AF and apprehension about AF episodes. Couples managed this uncertainty by either explicitly sharing concerns related to AF or through implicitly sharing their concerns. Explicit sharing incorporated strategies of mutual collaboration and finding resemblance, whereas implicit sharing incorporated strategies of keeping distance and tacit understanding. Time since diagnosis and time being symptom-free were factors influencing afflicted couples’ shifting between implicit and explicit sharing.Conclusions: Atrial fibrillation affects the partner relationship by bringing uncertainty into couples’ daily lives. Even though this study shares similarities with previous studies on couples living with chronic disease, it contributes to the existing knowledge by presenting a set of strategies used by couples in managing uncertainty when living with AF.
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| 4. |
- Dererie, Debebe Yilma, et al.
(author)
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Improved bio-energy yields via sequential ethanol fermentation and biogas digestion of steam exploded oat straw
- 2011
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In: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 102:6, s. 4449-4455
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using standard laboratory equipment, thermochemically pretreated oat straw was enzymatically saccharified and fermented to ethanol, and after removal of ethanol the remaining material was subjected to biogas digestion. A detailed mass balance calculation shows that, for steam explosion pretreatment, this combined ethanol fermentation and biogas digestion converts 85-87% of the higher heating value (HHV) of holocellulose (cellulose and hemicellulose) in the oat straw into biofuel energy. The energy (HHV) yield of the produced ethanol and methane was 9.5-9.8 MJ/(kg dry oat straw), which is 28-34% higher than direct biogas digestion that yielded 7.3-7.4 MJ/(kg dry oat straw). The rate of biogas formation from the fermentation residues was also higher than from the corresponding pretreated but unfermented oat straw, indicating that the biogas digestion could be terminated after only 24 days. This suggests that the ethanol process acts as an additional pretreatment for the biogas process.
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| 5. |
- Haddad Momeni, Majid, et al.
(author)
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Improved bio-energy yields via sequential ethanol fermentation and biogas digestion of steam exploded oat straw
- 2011
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In: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 102, s. 4449-4455
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using standard laboratory equipment, thermochemically pretreated oat straw was enzymatically saccharified and fermented to ethanol, and after removal of ethanol the remaining material was subjected to biogas digestion. A detailed mass balance calculation shows that, for steam explosion pretreatment, this combined ethanol fermentation and biogas digestion converts 85-87% of the higher heating value (HHV) of holocellulose (cellulose and hemicellulose) in the oat straw into biofuel energy. The energy (HHV) yield of the produced ethanol and methane was 9.5-9.8 MJ/(kg dry oat straw), which is 28-34% higher than direct biogas digestion that yielded 7.3-7.4 MJ/(kg dry oat straw). The rate of biogas formation from the fermentation residues was also higher than from the corresponding pretreated but unfermented oat straw, indicating that the biogas digestion could be terminated after only 24 days. This suggests that the ethanol process acts as an additional pretreatment for the biogas process. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Jonsson, Frida, et al.
(author)
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Genetic heterogeneity and clinical outcome in a Swedish family with retinal degeneration caused by mutations in CRB1 and ABCA4 genes
- 2014
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In: Retinal Degenerative Diseases. - New York, NY : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9781461432098 - 9781461432081 ; , s. 177-183
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Genetic mechanisms underlying severe retinal dystrophy in a large Swedish family presenting two distinct phenotypes, Leber congenital amaurosis and Stargardt disease were investigated. In the family, four patients with Leber congenital amaurosis were homozygous for a novel c.2557C>T (p.Q853X) mutation in the CRB1 gene, while of two cases with Stargardt disease, one was homozygous for c.5461-10T>C in the ABCA4 gene and another was a compound heterozygous for c.5461-10T>C and a novel ABCA4 mutation c.4773+3 A>G. Sequence analysis of the entire ABCA4 gene in patients with Stargardt disease revealed complex alleles with additional sequence variants.Our results provide evidence of genetic complexity causative of different clinical features present in the same family, which is an obvious challenge for ophthalmologists, molecular geneticists and genetic counsellors.
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| 7. |
- Jonsson, Frida, et al.
(author)
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Novel mutations in CRB1 and ABCA4 genes cause Leber congenital amaurosis and Stargardt disease in a Swedish family
- 2013
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In: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 21:11, s. 1266-1271
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aimed to identify genetic mechanisms underlying severe retinal degeneration in one large family from northern Sweden, members of which presented with early-onset autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa and juvenile macular dystrophy. The clinical records of affected family members were analysed retrospectively and ophthalmological and electrophysiological examinations were performed in selected cases. Mutation screening was initially performed with microarrays, interrogating known mutations in the genes associated with recessive retinitis pigmentosa, Leber congenital amaurosis and Stargardt disease. Searching for homozygous regions with putative causative disease genes was done by high-density SNP-array genotyping, followed by segregation analysis of the family members. Two distinct phenotypes of retinal dystrophy, Leber congenital amaurosis and Stargardt disease were present in the family. In the family, four patients with Leber congenital amaurosis were homozygous for a novel c.2557C>T (p.Q853X) mutation in the CRB1 gene, while of two cases with Stargardt disease, one was homozygous for c.5461-10T>C in the ABCA4 gene and another was carrier of the same mutation and a novel ABCA4 mutation c.4773+3A>G. Sequence analysis of the entire ABCA4 gene in patients with Stargardt disease revealed complex alleles with additional sequence variants, which were evaluated by bioinformatics tools. In conclusion, presence of different genetic mechanisms resulting in variable phenotype within the family is not rare and can challenge molecular geneticists, ophthalmologists and genetic counsellors.
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| 8. |
- Lindahl, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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A Test of the Becker-Tomes Model of Human Capital Transmission Using Microdata on Four Generations
- 2014
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In: Journal of Human Capital. - : University of Chicago Press. - 1932-8575 .- 1932-8664. ; 8:1, s. 80-96
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We estimate the well-known Becker-Tomes model of intergenerational transmission of human capital. A Swedish data set, which links individual measures on educational attainments of four generations, enables us to use great-grandparents' education as an instrumental variable. The identifying assumption, which holds within the Becker-Tomes framework, is that great-grandparents' education is unrelated to great-grandchildren's education, conditional on the education of the parent and grandparent. We test the model's prediction that the structural parameter for grandparents' education enters with a negative sign in an intergenerational regression model.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lindahl, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Transmission of Human Capital across Four Generations : Intergenerational Correlations and a Test of the Becker-Tomes Model
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Most previous studies on intergenerational transmission of human capital are restricted to two generations - between the parent and the child generation. In this paper we investigate if there is an independent effect of the grandparent and the great grandparent generations in this process. We use a dataset where we are able to link individual measures of life time earnings for three generation and data on educational attainments of four generations. We first do conventional regressions and transition matrices for life time earnings measures and educational attainments adding variables for the grandparent and great grandparent generations, respectively. We find that grandparents and even great grandparents significantly influence earnings and education. We then estimate the so called Becker-Tomes model using the educational attainment of the great grandparent generation as an instrumental variable. We fail to find support for the model's predictions.
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