| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Ljung Aust, Mikael, 1973, et al.
(author)
-
Accident investigations for active safety at CHALMERS - new demands require new methodologies
- 2007
-
In: Vehicle System Dynamics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-5159 .- 0042-3114. ; 45:10, s. 881-894
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to develop efficient active safety systems, knowledge about what causes traffic accidents is required. One way to gather such knowledge is through traffic accident investigations. For the needs of active safety, most current accident investigation methodologies do not provide a sufficiently detailed or theoretically anchored analysis. Therefore, new studies need to be carried out using new theoretical frameworks and analysis methods. At CHALMERS, a new methodology called driving reliability and error analysis method has been developed and tried out during recent years. The methodology, as described and exemplified, shows good promise of meeting the needs of active safety accident investigation projects. Results from studies using the methodology also imply consequences for how benefit estimation of new active safety systems should be carried out.
|
|
| 3. |
- Lundberg, Erik, 1981, et al.
(author)
-
Addressable molecular node assembly - high information density DNA nanostructures
- 2008
-
In: Nucleic acids symposium series (2004). - 1746-8272. ; :52, s. 683-684
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The inherent self-assembly properties of DNA make it ideal in nanotechnology. We present a fully addressable DNA nanostructure with the smallest possible unit cell, a hexagon with a side-length of only 3.4 nm.(2,3) Using novel three-way oligonucleotides, where each side has a unique double-stranded DNA sequence that can be assigned a specific address, we will build a non-repetitive two-dimensional grid.
|
|
| 4. |
- Nyman, Claes R, et al.
(author)
-
The patient's choice of androgen-deprivation therapy in locally advanced prostate cancer : Bicalutamide, a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue or orchidectomy
- 2005
-
In: BJU International. - 1464-4096 .- 1464-410X. ; 96:7, s. 1014-1018
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate patient preference for three established androgen-deprivation therapies for locally advanced prostate cancer, the patient's capacity to decide his therapy, the reasons for selecting a certain mode of therapy, and patient satisfaction with the chosen therapy 3 months after initiation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 150 patients (mean age 75 years, range 57-89) with previously untreated locally advanced prostate cancer from 13 hospitals were consecutively given the chance to choose between the antiandrogenic oral drug bicalutamide, a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRH) by injection, or surgical orchidectomy. After discussing the nature of their disease the patients took home written information about prostate cancer and the three different treatment options. After 1 week they were assessed using a questionnaire for biographical data, their attitude towards the different treatment alternatives and their choice of therapy. Three months later the patients completed a questionnaire about the treatment they had undergone. RESULTS: Sixty-three patients (42%) chose bicalutamide, 51 (34%) the GnRH analogue and 36 (24%) orchidectomy, 87% of those choosing bicalutamide, 84% GnRH and 94% orchidectomy, respectively, were sure about their choice but 12%, 17% and 3% of the patients, respectively, had some difficulty in deciding. The most important reasons for the therapy chosen were avoidance of injections and surgery, and a lower risk of impotence (bicalutamide), negative attitude to surgery and tablets (GnRH), and avoidance of injections and tablets (orchidectomy). Almost all patients (98%, 98% and 97%, respectively) were satisfied with their choice after 3 months of treatment. CONCLUSION: There are three equally effective forms of androgen deprivation for locally advanced prostate cancer without known metastases. There are major differences among these treatments in the mode of application and the likelihood and impact of side-effects. When patients are fully informed and play an active role in the treatment decision they are satisfied with their decision 3 months later. © 2005 BJU International.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Sandin, Jesper, 1975-
(author)
-
Aggregating Case Studies of Vehicle Crashes by Means of Causation Charts : An Evaluation and Revision of the Driving Reliability and Error Analysis Method
- 2008
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- There is a need for increased knowledge about causes to motor-vehicle crashes and their prevention. Multidisciplinary in-depth case studies can provide detailed causation data that is otherwise unattainable. Such data might allow the formulation of hypotheses of causes and causal relationships for further study. By converting the data into causation charts that are aggregated, common causation patterns would give greater weight to such hypotheses. However the charts must first be compiled by means of a systematic analysis method, which requires three parts; a model, a classification scheme and a classification method.Four general accident models were evaluated and found inadequate to form the basis for a causation analysis method. This was primarily because the models in practice treat road-users, vehicles and traffic environment as separate components, but also due to the focus on events immediately prior to the crash and either static, sequential, or absent modelling of interaction.Two studies were carried out to evaluate whether case files could be aggregated by means of charts that had been compiled with the Driving Reliability and Error Analysis Method (DREAM). In DREAM, contributory factors (genotypes) are systematically analysed, classified and linked in a single chart for each driver that illustrate the causes of a critical event (phenotype). In the first study, case files from 38 single-vehicle crashes were examined to distinguish crashes with similar circumstances. Four types of loss of vehicle control were identified, for which the associated DREAM charts were aggregated. The results revealed common patterns within the types, as well as different patterns between them. The second study focused on 26 intersection crashes. Based on the most common violations at intersections, six risk situations were defined, and the DREAM charts associated with each risk situation were aggregated. A common pattern in each of two risk situations indicated that drivers with and without the right of way had not seen the other vehicle due to distractions and/or sight obstructions. A frequently occurring pattern for the drivers with the right of way was that they had not expected another vehicle to cross their path. The absence of clear patterns in three risk situations was a result of a low number of charts and rather unique circumstances in these cases. Parts of the aggregated charts contained an unexpectedly large variation, identified as a consequence of inconsistently compiled charts.Prior the final study assessing intercoder agreement, DREAM was revised into a new version based on the experience from the latter aggregation study. A total of seven investigators from four European countries compiled seven DREAM charts for each driver involved in four types of accidents. The results indicated that the intercoder agreement for genotypes ranged from 74% to 94% with an average of 83%, while it for phenotypes ranged from 57% to 100% with an average of 78%. This acceptable level of agreement is expected to rise with enhanced training. The present thesis thus shows that DREAM is a highly promising method for the compilation of causation charts. Future studies are expected to benefit from aggregating DREAM charts when formulating hypotheses of general causes and causal relationships as a subject for further research, as well as to identify alternative countermeasure strategies.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Sandin, Per
(author)
-
Approaches to Ethics for Corporate Crisis Management
- 2009
-
In: Journal of Business Ethics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-4544 .- 1573-0697. ; 87:1, s. 109-116
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ethics of corporate crisis management is a seriously underdeveloped field. Among recent proposals in the area, two contributions stand out: Seeger and Ulmer's (2001) virtue ethics approach to crisis management ethics and Simola's (2003) ethics of care. In the first part of the paper, I argue that both contributions are problematic: Seeger and Ulmer focus on top management and propose virtues that lack substance and are in need of further development. Simola's proposal is also fraught with difficulty, since it seems to conceive of ethics of care as a course of action that can be chosen in a crisis, something which runs contrary to the idea of caring. In the second part of the paper, I argue that Simola and Seeger and Ulmer are nevertheless on the right track, and I propose some directions for further development of the ethics of corporate crisis management. I argue that the value of codes of conduct is limited. Furthermore, I propose a way of identifying relevant virtues for corporate crisis management and discuss a problem that is prevalent in crisis management ethics (the temptation of ad hoc utilitarianism).
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Sandin, Peter, 1977, et al.
(author)
-
Conformational flexibility in DNA nanoconstructs: A time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer study
- 2008
-
In: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 112:34, s. 13089-13094
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer has been used to investigate the conformational flexibility of a DNA nanostructure. As the size of DNA nanostructures are becoming increasingly smaller, commonly used methods for characterization like atomic force microscopy (AFM) will become increasingly more difficult. Here we demonstrate that time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (tr-FRET) can serve as a tool for retrieving structural information on small DNA nanostructures. We have formed a DNA pseudohexagon using six different standard 22-mer oligonucleotides. The construct was labeled with a donor (fluorescein) in one corner while "walking" the acceptor (Cy3) from corner to corner around the hexagon. This resulted in five differently labeled constructs that were investigated with time-correlated single photon counting. The distribution of donor-acceptor distances present in each sample was estimated from analyzing the donor emission decays using a Gaussian distribution model. The results show a relatively wide distribution for all measured distances, fwhm between 14 and 33 ̊, indicating that the pseudohexagonal motif is a flexible structure. In addition the recovered mean distances between the donor and acceptor follow the expected theoretical trend very well. The results show that, not only is tr-FRET an alternative method for retrieving structural information from DNA nanostructures whose size are below the present resolution of AFM but also, it demonstrate the potential of tr-FRET as a method for probing local flexibility in larger arrays of this kind. © 2008 American Chemical Society.
|
|
