| 1. |
- Elberling, Bo, et al.
(author)
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Arctic vegetation damage by winter-generated coal mining pollution released upon thawing
- 2007
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In: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 41:7, s. 2407-2413
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Acid mine drainage (known as AMD) is a well-known environmental problem resulting from the oxidation of sulfidic mine waste. In cold regions, AMD is often considered limited by low temperatures most of the year and observed environmental impact is related to pollution generated during the warm summer period. Here we show that heat generation within an oxidizing, sulfidic, coal-mining waste-rock pile in Svalbard (78 degrees N) is high enough to keep the pile warm (roughly 5 degrees C throughout the year) despite mean annual air temperatures below -5 degrees C. Consequently, weathering processes continue year-round within the waste-rock pile. During the winter, weathering products accumulate within the pile because of a frozen outer layer on the pile and are released as a flush within 2 weeks of soil thawing in the spring. Consequently, spring runoff water contains elevated concentrations of metals. Several of these metals are taken up and accumulated in plants where they reach phytotoxic levels, including aluminum and manganese. Laboratory experiments document that uptake of Al and Mn in native plant species is highly correlated with dissolved concentrations. Therefore, future remedial actions to control the adverse environmental impacts of cold region coal-mining need to pay more attention to winter processes including AMD generation and accumulation of weathering products.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Eva, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Potential priority pollutants in sewage sludge
- 2008
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In: Desalination. - : Elsevier BV. - 0011-9164 .- 1873-4464. ; 226:1-3, s. 371-388
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sewage sludge has been used as fertilizer for agricultural land over a long time. This is part of a sustainable practice utilizing and recycling the macronutrients back to land. During the last decades, questions have been raised concerning the risks related to heavy metals and xenobiotic organic compounds (XOCs) present in the sludge. Application on land used for agriculture is, therefore, not socially acceptable in some countries, e.g., Sweden. In this study, literature reviews showed that 541 XOCs potentially could be present in sewage sludge due to their presence in e.g. construction materials, pharmaceuticals, personal care products etc. 192 compounds have been quantified in sewage sludge, which indicate that, although many XOCs have been measured in sludge, there are potentially a vast number of compounds present that have not been analyzed for yet. In a hazard identification of the quantified compounds using their inherent properties and environmental fate it was shown that 99 XOCs could be classified as being hazardous with regard to the solid phase and 23 were found to be priority pollutants in the subsequent hazard assessment. The final selected priority pollutants can act as indicators when assessing sludge quality. They were compared with European legislations and discussed in regard for pointing out the need for mitigation such as substitution. Furthermore, the potential need for implementation of sludge treatment trains in order to meet the society's needs was addressed.
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| 4. |
- Kötters, Jens, et al.
(author)
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Context Graphs—Representing Formal Concepts by Connected Subgraphs
- 2009
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In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5548. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642018145 ; , s. 178-193
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The article introduces a representation of a formal context by an undirected graph called a context graph with the formal objects being the nodes of the graph. We use as a defining property for this graph that it contains every concept extent as a connected subgraph. The graph is not uniquely defined by this property - we focus on those graphs that are edge-minimal and present a result with respect to the number of their edges. We then study how the structure of an edge-minimal context graph can be updated to adjust to the subsequent addition of an object to the context. This leads to an incremental construction algorithm that does not require the explicit computation of formal concepts.
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| 7. |
- Schouenborg, Jens, et al.
(author)
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Cutaneous Field Stimulation
- 2005. - 2
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In: Encyclopedic Reference of Pain. - 9783642287534 ; , s. 833-838
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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