| 1. |
- Dreyer, D., et al.
(author)
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Special issue dedicated to ICFP 2014: Editorial
- 2016
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In: Journal of Functional Programming. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1469-7653 .- 0956-7968. ; 26
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The 19th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP) took place on September 1–3, 2014 in Gothenburg, Sweden. After the conference, the programme committee, chaired by Manuel Chakravarty, selected several outstanding papers and invited their authors to submit to this special issue of JFP. We acted as editors for these submissions. This issue includes the six accepted papers, each of which provides substantial new material beyond the original conference version. The selected papers demonstrate both the quality and the breadth of the conference, with a strong emphasis on types and their applications, and ranging from compilation methods through contract verification to homotopy type theory.
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| 2. |
- Dreyer, David, et al.
(author)
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The Earth's Magnetic Field and Visual Landmarks Steer Migratory Flight Behavior in the Nocturnal Australian Bogong Moth
- 2018
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In: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822. ; 28:13, s. 5-2166
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Like many birds [1], numerous species of nocturnal moths undertake spectacular long-distance migrations at night [2]. Each spring, billions of Bogong moths (Agrotis infusa) escape hot conditions in different regions of southeast Australia by making a highly directed migration of over 1,000 km to a limited number of cool caves in the Australian Alps, historically used for aestivating over the summer [3, 4]. How moths determine the direction of inherited migratory trajectories at night and locate their destination (i.e., navigate) is currently unknown [5–7]. Here we show that Bogong moths can sense the Earth's magnetic field and use it in conjunction with visual landmarks to steer migratory flight behavior. By tethering migrating moths in an outdoor flight simulator [8], we found that their flight direction turned predictably when dominant visual landmarks and a natural Earth-strength magnetic field were turned together, but that the moths became disoriented within a few minutes when these cues were set in conflict. We thus conclude that Bogong moths, like nocturnally migrating birds [9], can use a magnetic sense. Our results represent the first reliable demonstration of the use of the Earth's magnetic field to steer flight behavior in a nocturnal migratory insect. The nocturnal Bogong moth performs a highly directed long-distance migration to and from alpine caves in the Australian Alps. Dreyer et al. show that this moth senses the Earth's magnetic field and uses it together with visual landmarks to steer migratory flight behavior. The geomagnetic field might thus be used as a compass during migration.
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| 3. |
- Dreyer, Elin, et al.
(author)
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Towards a Global Plastics Treaty: Tracing the UN Negotiations
- 2024
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In 2022, the United Nations Environmental Assembly (UNEA) adopted resolution 5/14, giving mandate to UN Member States to start negotiations toward an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution. This report delves into the pre-session submissions by states and coalitions for the second (INC-2) and third (INC-3) rounds of negotiations, held in 2023. Once the contents of the documents had been reviewed, a coding analysis was conducted with the aim of understanding the current policy mix being proposed for the Plastics Treaty. The nine categories to emerge from the coding process cover proposed objectives for the treaty, types and range of measures proposed, and where along the value chain these measures fall. Our results show: (1) that the pre-session submissions give considerable attention to improving waste management and extending recycling infrastructure, while scant attention is given to upstream measures; (2) that relatively few economic measures have been proposed thus far, with pre-session submissions focusing on regulatory and soft measures instead; (3) that this uneven distribution of proposed measure types could weaken the overall effectiveness of the instrument by impeding its ability to address the issue of plastic pollution in all its complexity; (4) that, if current trends continue, we can expect a treaty focused on waste management and recycling, instead of one addressing the full life cycle of plastics; (5) and finally, that the sheer quantity of plastics being produced each year undermines any efforts either to ‘end’ plastic pollution or to reach any net-zero carbon emission targets.
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| 4. |
- Dreyer, Joshua, 1993-
(author)
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Diving Deep into Saturn's Equatorial Ionosphere with Cassini : Insights from the Grand Finale
- 2023
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In the summer of 2017, the Cassini mission concluded its nearly 13 years orbiting Saturn with a series of daring dives between the rings and the upper reaches of Saturn's atmosphere. This last phase of the mission, called the Grand Finale, revealed a highly variable equatorial ionosphere dominated by a large influx of ring material from Saturn's D ring. The papers included in this thesis utilize data gathered during these proximal orbits to gain insights into the nature and effects of the infalling ring material.Initially, we derive upper limits for the effective recombination coefficient in Saturn's equatorial ionosphere at altitudes below 2500 km, where photochemical equilibrium can be assumed, to constrain the composition of the positive ion species. Our inceptive results indicate that ion species with low recombination coefficients are dominant.We follow up on this by developing a photochemical model, incorporating grain charging, to investigate the effects of the ring influx on the plasma composition. The model results at an altitude of 1700 km yield vastly different abundances of two types of neutral species when compared to those derived from measurements, ultimately representing the difficulty of reconciling the observed H+ and H3+ densities with our and other model results.Exploring the nature of narrow decreases in the ionospheric H2+ densities reveals a time shift in the ion data. After correcting for this, the decreases line up very well with calculated shadows for substructures in Saturn's C ring. We can further estimate the optical depths of these substructures and investigate at which altitudes photochemical equilibrium for H2+ is applicable.The direct measurement of heavier neutral species during the proximal orbits is complicated by the high spacecraft speed. We devise a method to utilize helium ion chemistry to independently derive the mixing ratios of these heavier neutrals in Saturn's ionosphere. Our results show considerable variability, which may suggest temporal and/or spatial changes in the ring influx. A comparison with other studies indicates that potentially only the most volatile ring-sourced species significantly ablate to enter the gas phase in this region of Saturn's ionosphere.Finally, we compare the fixed-bias Langmuir probe electron densities and the light ion densities. They exhibit a strong positive correlation for most parts of the proximal orbits even on short timescales. We find three distinct regions in the proximal orbits, which can provide further insight into the ionospheric composition, connection to the rings, and measurement uncertainties.
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| 5. |
- Corradi, Marco Claudio, et al.
(author)
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The Relationship between Article 4 (1)(b) Cross-Border Merger Directive and the European Merger Regulation
- 2019
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In: Cross-border Mergers: EU perspectives and national experiences. - 9783030227531 ; , s. 159-174
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a time when protectionism is re-emerging as a strong policy stance on a global scale, the opposition to cross mergers based on public interest grounds may once more become more frequent. The lack of a common policy at the EU level leaves each Member State free to set its own framework to oppose mergers based on the public interest. However, such frameworks need to comply with Article 4(1)(b) of the Cross-Border Merger Directive (CBMD) which expressly introduces a non-discrimination principle in respect of MS’s provision which regulate the opposition of public interest. This paper compares the protection offered under Article 4(1)(b) with the one offered under the EU Merger Regulation (EUMR). It shows that the protections under the EUMR are greater and that the EUMR provides a robust ex ante assessment of public interest claims raised against the merger. However, it also shows that the role of the EUMR in the protection of mergers against public interest opposition is limited. This limitation stems from the threshold for establishing a Union dimension within the meaning for that Regulation. This Chapter suggests that, while the scope of the CBMD covers more mergers, the real playing field of public interest opposition is prior to the merger—during the takeover by a foreign company or the change of control in the terms of the EUMR.
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