| 1. |
- Graae, Lisette, et al.
(author)
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Self-declarations of environmental classification at Fass.se - Experiences from the reviewing process during 2019
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Since 2005 Sweden has a unique environmental classification system for pharmaceutical products. It is a self-declaration system where each pharmaceutical company is responsible for their own environmental information, which is published on the open web-based portal www.Fass.se. Prior to publication the environmental risk assessments are reviewed by IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL) as an independent, external part. The present report describes the experiences from the review process during the year 2019. In 2019, environmental risk assessments (ERAs) were sent in for review 421 times. 63% of the reviewed assessments received the comment no remarks and were recommended to be published, whereas the other 37% were recommended to be corrected or needed to be corrected before publication. The number of unique substances that were published at Fass.se during 2019 was 315. Of these substances 43% were exempted from classification, 27% were classified regarding environmental risk, and 30% could not gain any classification due to lack of data. The work of improving the review system is an on-going process. As a part of this work IVL performs studies and activities to increase the knowledge of pharmaceuticals in the environment. In 2018/2019 a model was developed for environmental assessment of pharmaceutical products, in regard to environmental risks related to emissions of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) from production processes and product carbon footprint in a life cycle perspective.
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| 2. |
- Langer, Sarka, 1960, et al.
(author)
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Squalene Depletion in Skin Following Human Exposure to Ozone under Controlled Chamber Conditions
- 2024
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In: Environmental Science & Technology. - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 58:15, s. 6693-6703
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A major component of human skin oil is squalene, a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon that protects the skin from atmospheric oxidants. Skin oil, and thus squalene, is continuously replenished on the skin surface. Squalene is also quickly consumed through reactions with ozone and other oxidants. This study examined the extent of squalene depletion in the skin oils of the forearm of human volunteers after exposure to ozone in a climate chamber. Temperature, relative humidity (RH), skin coverage by clothing, and participants’ age were varied in a controlled manner. Concentrations of squalene were determined in skin wipe samples collected before and after ozone exposure. Exposures to ozone resulted in statistically significant decreases in post-exposure squalene concentrations compared to pre-exposure squalene concentrations in the skin wipes when squalene concentrations were normalized by concentrations of co-occurring cholesterol but not by co-occurring pyroglutamic acid (PGA). The rate of squalene loss due to ozonolysis was lower than its replenishment on the skin surface. Within the ranges examined, temperature and RH did not significantly affect the difference between normalized squalene levels in post-samples versus pre-samples. Although not statistically significant, skin coverage and age of the volunteers (three young adults, three seniors, and three teenagers) did appear to impact squalene depletion on the skin surfaces.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Sjöblom, Pia, et al.
(author)
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Primary school students and climate change–an interview study in Finland and Tanzania
- 2022
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 380, part 2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Climate change is a complex and wicked problem, which needs to be addressed through relevant climate change education. However, the preconditions for combatting climate change differ in different parts of the world, depending on physical, cultural and social circumstances. The diversity of circumstances also in[1]fluences the implementation of climate change in education. Therefore, in this article we have chosen to examine climate change education (CCE) based on an interview study in two distinct school contexts. More specifically, the cases aim to explore Finnish and Tanzanian primary students’ views on climate change. A hermeneutical approach guided the analysis, and a significant result was that most of the students understood the severity of climate change. Nevertheless, some misconceptions regarding both causes, consequences and mitigation of climate change were also obvious. In addition, the analysis revealed interesting variations in the students’ reasoning, which relate to their different contexts. Unquestionably, the sample size in this study is limited, and further research is needed for a more detailed picture of Finnish and Tanzanian students’ views.
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| 5. |
- Vuorenpää, Sari, et al.
(author)
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Social hållbarhet och scientific literacy i flerspråkiga naturvetenskapsklassrum
- 2020
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In: Ainedidaktiikka. - : Ainedidaktiikka-lehti. - 2489-5636. ; 4:3, s. 23-40
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The focus of this article is social sustainability as a teaching practice, not as teaching content. Specifically, the concern is how to realize science teaching in a socially sustainable way. The research question is how science teachers could offer students equal opportunities to develop scientific literacy. We have searched for answers through classroom observations in Finland and Sweden. The analysis revealed four categories with relevance to social sustainability teaching practice: language use, tangibility, time use, and encouragement of student initiatives. Equal science learning requires teaching methods that include purposeful use of language in practical learning situations without time pressure. It is also the teaching that supports student initiatives.
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