| 1. |
- Eppanapelli, Lavan Kumar, 1988-, et al.
(author)
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Investigation of snow single scattering properties of snow based on first order Legendre phase function
- 2017
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In: Optics and lasers in engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0143-8166 .- 1873-0302. ; 91, s. 151-159
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Angularly resolved bidirectional reflectance measurements were modelled by ap- proximating a first order Legendre expanded phase function to retrieve single scattering properties of snow. The measurements from 10 different snow types with known density and specific surface area (SSA) were investigated. A near infrared (NIR) spectrometer was used to measure reflected light above the snow surface over the hemisphere in the wavelength region 900 nm to 1650 nm. A solver based on discrete ordinate radiative transfer (DISORT) model was used to retrieve the estimated Legendre coefficients of the phase function and a cor- relation between the coefficients and physical properties of different snow types is investigated. Results of this study suggest that the first two coefficients of the first order Legendre phase function provide sufficient information about the physical properties of snow where the latter captures the anisotropic behaviour of snow and the former provides a relative estimate of the single scattering albedo of snow. The coefficients of the first order phase function were com- pared with the experimental data and observed that both the coefficients are in good agreement with the experimental data. These findings suggest that our approach can be applied as a qualitative tool to investigate physical properties of snow and also to classify different snow types.
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| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Circulating tumor cells in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma of the bladder : Association with tumor stage, lymph node metastases, FDG-PET findings, and survival
- 2017
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In: Urologic Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-1439. ; 35:10, s. 9-606
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: There are currently no methods in clinical use that can detect early systemic dissemination of urothelial tumor cells. Objective: To evaluate measurement of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a biomarker for disseminated disease in patients with advanced bladder cancer. Design, setting, and participants: Between March 2013 and October 2015, 88 patients were prospectively included in the study: 78 were scheduled for radical cystectomy (RC) ± perioperative chemotherapy and 10 treated with palliative chemotherapy. The CellSearch CTC test was further assessed in this context by investigating expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in primary tumors obtained at cystectomy from an independent cohort of 409 patients. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Presence of CTCs was tested for association with tumor stage, lymph node metastases, metastatic disease on [18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), and cancer-specific and progression-free survival. Results: CTCs were detected in 17/88 patients (19%). In 61 patients who underwent FDG-PET-computed tomography (CT), a statistically significant association with presence of CTCs was found for radiological metastatic disease but not for normal PET-CT results (12/35 [34%] vs. 2/26 [8%], P = 0.014). After a median follow-up time of 16.5 months (95% CI: 9.6-21.4), presence of CTCs was associated with an increased risk of progression among patients treated with RC with or without perioperative chemotherapy (n = 75, P = 0.049). A multivariate analysis adjusted for clinical tumor stage, clinical lymph node status, and age showed that CTCs were an independent marker of progression (n = 75; hazard ratio = 2.78; 95% CI: 1.005-7.69; P = 0.049) but not of cancer-specific death (P = 0.596). In 409 cystectomised patients, more than 392 (96%) of the bladder tumors expressed EpCAM. Conclusions: CTCs were present in 19% of patients with advanced urothelial tumors and were associated with metastatic disease on FDG-PET-CT and with increased risk of disease progression after RC. A significant portion of urothelial cancer cells do express EpCAM and can thus be identified using EpCAM-antigen-based CTC detection methods.
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| 3. |
- Casselgren, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Road condition analysis using NIR illumination and compensating for surrounding light
- 2016
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In: Optics and lasers in engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-8166 .- 1873-0302. ; 77, s. 175-182
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An investigation of a NIR camera system for road surface classification has been conducted for several road conditions. The surfaces were illuminated with three wavelengths, 980 nm, 1310 nm and 1550 nm and a halogen lamp, to simulate a real environment application with surrounding light. A measuring scheme to deal with surrounding light has been implemented enabling road condition classification from NIR images in a real environment. The retrieved camera images have been analyzed and an RGB representation of the different surfaces has been created to classify the different road conditions. The investigation shows that it is possible to distinguish between dry, moist, wet, frosty, icy and snowy road surfaces using a NIR camera system in a disturbed environment. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Dittes, Nicholas, 1987-, et al.
(author)
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Optical Attenuation Characterization of Water Contaminated Lubricating Grease
- 2018
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In: Tribology Transactions. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1040-2004 .- 1547-397X. ; 61:4, s. 726-732
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Water-contaminated grease samples are investigated with attenuation spectra in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions in this article. The purpose of this investigation was to identify a model with optical attenuation spectra such that the water content of grease samples could be characterized with a simple measurement setup using common methodology from the field of instrumental chemistry. The ratio between two chosen wavelengths of light appears to approximate the water content of grease samples with an acceptable coefficient of determination using a methodology to show what can potentially be done to develop condition monitoring tools. To illustrate the outlined method, a prestudy of grease aging and oxidation levels is also investigated to show that other variables do not significantly change the measurement.
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| 5. |
- Du, Yijian, et al.
(author)
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Recursion in multiplet bases for tree-level MHV gluon amplitudes
- 2015
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In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :5, s. 1-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigate the construction of tree-level MHV gluon amplitudes in multiplet bases using BCFW recursion. The multiplet basis decomposition can either be obtained by decomposing results derived in (for example) the DDM basis or by formulating the recursion directly in the multiplet basis. We focus on the latter approach and show how to efficiently deal with the color structure appearing in the recursion. For illustration, we also explicitly calculate the four-, five- and six-gluon amplitudes.
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| 6. |
- Eppanapelli, Lavan Kumar, et al.
(author)
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Estimation of a low-order Legendre expanded phase function of snow
- 2016
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In: Optics and lasers in engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-8166 .- 1873-0302. ; 78, s. 174-181
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to estimate the scattering phase function of snow from angularly resolved measurements of light intensity in the plane of incidence. A solver is implemented that solves the scattering function for a semi-infinite geometry based on the radiative transfer equation (RTE). Two types of phase functions are considered. The first type is the general phase function based on a low-order series expansion of Legendre polynomials and the other type is the Henyey-Greenstein (HG) phase function. The measurements were performed at a wavelength of 1310 nm and six different snow samples were analysed. It was found that a first order expansion provides sufficient approximation to the measurements. The fit from the first order phase function outperforms that of the HG phase function in terms of accuracy, ease of implementation and computation time. Furthermore, a correlation between the magnitude of the first order component and the age of the snow was found. We believe that these findings may complement present non-contact detection techniques used to determine snow properties.
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| 7. |
- Eppanapelli, Lavan Kumar
(author)
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Experimental investigation of snow metamorphism at near-surface layers
- 2018
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Snow metamorphism is a direct objective in many snow research areas, and its charac-terisation is a major challenge in areas including winter road maintenance, detection of icing on wind turbine blades, and snow quality mapping for skiing. A common effect of snow metamorphism is compaction, which can be investigated from the associated vari-ations in physical properties of snow. While the relation between snow metamorphism and physical properties of snow is fairly well-known, a method to quantify this relationis not extensively researched. This experimental based thesis focuses on the relationship between the physical properties of snow and its degree of metamorphism. The link isestablished and investigated by quantifying near-infrared (NIR) reflectance measure-ments and analysing the microtomographic data. Three experimental approaches are developed to record the NIR reflectance measurements and to understand the influence of compaction at near-surface layers of a snowpack. In addition, an X-ray microtomogra-phy (micro-CT) system is used to visualise the behaviour of snow microstructure during compaction. In this thesis, snow experienced compaction via aging, the melting-freezing process, uniaxial loading, settling and infiltration of liquid water.A numerical tool based on the well-established Discrete Ordinates Radiative Trans-fer (DISORT) method is used to solve the radiative transfer equation (RTE) for aplane-parallel and semi-infinite snowpack. The numerical solver takes the reflectance measurements as input and returns the coefficients of a first order Legendre phase function of an investigated snowpack at a given wavelength of light. The results from the solver show consistency and strong correlation between the Legendre coefficient sand the physical properties of snow. Furthermore, the physical properties of snow such as specific surface area (SSA) and liquid water content (LWC) were estimated via parameterisation where the reflectance data is used as input. The results suggest that the parameterisation of LWC can provide a qualitative estimate of the LWC in a snowpack, while the parameterisation of SSA provides a quantitative estimate of the snow SSA. As a next step, the influence of compaction on snow microstructure is investigated from three-dimensional (3D) images obtained using the micro-CT system. In this case, compaction is initiated by applying uniaxial load on a snow sample and the effect of compaction is analysed based on digital volume correlation (DVC) and porosity distribution. The micro-CT observations further emphasise that near-surface layers of a snowpack experience a higher degree of impact during compaction.In summary, this thesis presents experimental methods to quantify the link between snow compaction at near-surface layers, and the physical properties of snow. The mode observations show that the estimated Legendre coefficients can provide qualitative descriptions of snow grain distribution and surface texture. The parameterisation methods can provide the details about the LWC and the SSA of a snowpack. Further, the observations from the micro-CT study suggest that grains breakage and recrystallisation are the prevailing effects of snow compaction. All observations in this thesis are helpful in understanding the metamorphism in a snowpack for relevant research areas.
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| 8. |
- Gerdin, Linda, et al.
(author)
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The Swedish Crohn Trial: A Prematurely Terminated Randomized Controlled Trial of Thiopurines or Open Surgery for Primary Treatment of Ileocaecal Crohns Disease
- 2016
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In: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 10:1, s. 50-54
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and aims: The importance of efficient and safe treatment of Crohns disease is highlighted by its chronicity. Both medical and surgical treatments have shown good results in the symptomatic control of limited ileocaecal Crohns disease. The aim of this study was to compare medical treatment with surgical treatment of ileocaecal Crohns disease. Methods: Thirty-six patients from seven hospitals with primary ileocaecal Crohns disease were randomized to either medical or surgical treatment. The medical treatment was induction of remission with budesonide and thereafter maintenance treatment with azathioprine. The surgical treatment was open ileocaecal resection. Crohns disease activity index over time, expressed as area under the curve at 1, 3 and 5 years, was the primary endpoint. Subjective health measured with the 36-item Short Form Survey Instrument (SF36) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) were secondary endpoints. Results: There were no differences between the treatment groups in Crohns disease activity index over time. General health, measured as SF36 score, was higher in patients receiving surgical treatment than in those receiving medical treatment at 1 year, but there was no corresponding difference in VAS. Due to the slow inclusion rate and changes in clinical practice, the study was t = erminated prematurely. Conclusion: The study ended up being underpowered and should be interpreted with caution, but there was no clinically significant difference between the two treatment arms. Further studies are needed to address this important clinical question.
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| 9. |
- Sjödahl, Malin, et al.
(author)
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Decomposing color structure into multiplet bases
- 2015
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In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We illustrate how QCD color structure elegantly can be decomposed into orthogonal multiplet bases corresponding to irreducible representations of SU(N-c) with the aid of Wigner 3j and 6j coefficients. We also show how to calculate the relevant 3j and 6j coefficients using multiplet bases and birdtrack techniques and argue that only a relatively small number of Wigner 3j and 6j coefficients are required. For up to six gluons plus quark-antiquark pairs we explicitly calculate all 6j coefficients required for up to NLO calculations.
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| 10. |
- Öhman, Johan, 1991-
(author)
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3D localization in digital holography from scattered light from micrometer-sized particles
- 2018
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- When a particle is illuminated by a beam of light it will scatter and redistribute the light in all directions. How it scatters depends on the size, shape and refractive index of the particle. Additionally, it depends on the wavelength and polarization of the illuminating beam. The direction and distance to the observer relative the particle also needs to be considered. A digital holographic imaging system is used to collect parts of the scattered light from micrometer-sized particles. By utilizing digital holography a three-dimensional reconstruction of the imaged scene is possible. Traditionally, particles are localized based on the intensity in the holographic reconstructions. In this licentiate thesis, the phase response of the scattered light is investigated and utilized. An alternative method for locating spherical particles is presented. The method locate particles based on a simple feature of a propagating wave, namely the fact that the wavefront curvature changes from converging to diverging at the axial location of the particle. The wavefront curvature is estimated using two different methods. The first method estimates the lateral phase-gradients using a finite-difference method. The second method uses a three-dimensional parametric model based on a Chebyshev polynomial expansion. The methods are demonstrated using both simulations and experimental measurements. The simulations are based on the Lorenz-Mie scattering theory for spherical particles and are combined with an imaging system model. Experiments are performed using an off-axis polarization sensitive digital holographic system with a coherent Nd:YAG laser. Measurements of stationary particles are made to validate and evaluate the proposed method. It is found that these methods estimate the true axial position and does not have the offset that is associated with intensity-based methods. Additionally, it is possible to exclude noise that shows up as false particles since noise does not have the same phase response as a real particle. The second method, that uses a parametric model, also improves the standard deviation in the positioning.
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