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- Arvidsson, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Online capillary solid phase extraction and liquid chromatographic separation with quantitative tandem mass spectrometric detection (SPE-LC-MS/MS) of ximelagatran and its metabolites in a complex matrix.
- 2009
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In: Journal of chromatography. B. - : Elsevier BV. - 1570-0232 .- 1873-376X. ; 877:3, s. 291-297
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work presents the development and validation of a fully automated quantitative analysis method of melagatran, its prodrug ximelagatran, and its major metabolites for the study of drug behavior in biofluids. The method involves online sample clean-up and enrichment on a C4 capillary column followed by separation on a capillary C18 column. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric detection in positive ion mode was performed with multiple reactions monitoring of eight different transients, divided into two time segments with four transients each. The structural similarity, the complexity of the matrix (pig liver extract) and the formation of isobaric fragment ions, made efficient chromatographic separation necessary. The analysis method provides valid accuracy (<9%; RSD%), precision (<8%; RSD%), linearity (<1.2 nM–1 μM; R2 > 0.999), limit of quantitation (<3.6 nM), retention repeatability (<1.2%; RSD%), selectivity, as well as analyte and column stabilities over a wide concentration range.
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- Dahlman, Ingrid, et al.
(author)
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A unique role of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 among chemokines in adipose tissue of obese subjects
- 2005
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In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 90:10, s. 5834-5840
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: Low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue may contribute to insulin resistance in obesity. However, the roles of individual inflammatory mediators in adipose tissue are poorly understood. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine which inflammation markers are most overexpressed at the gene level in adipose tissue in human obesity and how this relates to corresponding protein secretion. Design: We examined gene expression profiles in 17 lean and 20 obese subjects. The secretory pattern of relevant corresponding proteins was examined in human sc adipose tissue or isolated fat cells in vitro and in vivo in several obese or lean cohorts. Results: In ranking gene expression, defined pathways associated with obesity and immune and defense responses scored high. Among seven markedly overexpressed chemokines, only monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) was released from adipose tissue and isolated fat cells in vitro. In obesity, the secretion and expression of MCP1 in adipose tissue pieces were more than 6- and 2-fold increased, respectively, but there was no change in circulating MCP1 levels. There was no net release of MCP1, but there was a net release of leptin, in vivo from adipose tissue into the circulation. Conclusions: Obesity is associated with the increased expression of several chemokine genes in adipose tissue. However, only MCP1 is secreted into the extracellular space, where it primarily acts as a local factor, because little or no spillover into the circulation occurs. MCP1 influences the function of adipocytes, is a recruitment factor for macrophages, and may be a crucial link among chemokines between adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance.
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- Katzeff, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Clockwise - Smarta lösningar till stöd för energieffektiva beteenden : Slutrapport för forskningsprojekt 24, CERBOF 2:2 Beteende, processer och styrmedel
- 2009
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Människans beteende spelar en avgörande roll vid energibesparing och energieffektivisering. Interaktiv teknik har potential att visualisera energi och därmed göra användningen mera begriplig för gemene man. I projektet CLOCKWISE utrustades hushåll under en period med en prototyp, Energy Aware Clock, som ger en grafisk återgivning av hushållselen i realtid. Studien syftade till att undersöka prototypens inverkan på beteende både kvalitativt och kvantitativt. Teman för den kvalitativa studien var användningsmönster, medvetenhet om användningen av el samt nyttogörandet av återkoppling (feedback). I den kvantitativa delen har olika eldata och inomhustemperaturer loggats med fokus på minskning och temperatur variationer. Resultaten visar att hushållen har lärt sig om sin normala vardagsanvändning av el och de har upptäckt och kartlagt utrustning som drar mycket el. Under de tre månadernas testperiod har två tydliga faser identifierats, den första upptäckande och den andra bekräftande. Resultat från mätningar, projektets kvantitativa del, visar på hög komplexitet med många osäkerhetsfaktorer och gör det svårt att sammanfatta några säkra slutsatser. Trots rådande osäkerheter i underlaget finns indikationer på att de deltagande hushållen reducerat användningen av hushållsel med upp till ca 10%. Inomhustemperaturerna har inte påverkats under projektets gång. En koppling till utomhustemperaturen vid snabba förändringar kan dock iakttagas.
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