| 1. |
- Almén, Mai, et al.
(author)
-
Planering och utformning för fotgängare med fokus på personer med synnedsättningar
- 2016
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Trafikverket har ansvar för att förverkliga den beslutade funktionshinderspolitiken, som regleras i regeringsuppdrag och i en särskild förordning, SFS 2014:135. Trafikverket ska vara ett föredöme när det gäller tillgänglighet för personer med funktionsnedsättning, och bidra till allas delaktighet i samhället. Syftet med den föreliggande kunskapssammanställningen är att samla den kunskap som finns utifrån den forskning, som finansierats av Trafikverket (och även tidigare Vägverket) liksom på den kunskap som finns genom beprövad erfarenhet. Avsikten är att visa hur man kan utforma utemiljön för personer med synnedsättningar även då hänsyn tagits till andra gruppers behov. Genom denna skrift vill Trafikverket bidra till att öka tillgängligheten och användbarheten till transportsystemets olika delar. Alla ska, oavsett förmågor, kunna ta sig fram i utemiljön.
|
|
| 2. |
- Anskär, Eva, 1957-
(author)
-
Time flies in primary care : a study on time utilisation and perceived psychosocial work environment
- 2019
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Time utilisation among primary care professionals has been affected by structural changes and reorganisation performed in Swedish primary care over several decades. The work situation is complex with a heavy administrative work load. The overall aim with this thesis was to describe time utilisation among staff in Swedish primary care and to investigate associations with perceived psychosocial work environment and legitimacy of work tasks.Methods: A multicentre, descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used including all staff categories in primary care i.e. registered nurses, primary care physicians, care administrators, nurse assistants and allied professionals (physiotherapists, occupational therapists, psychologists, counsellors, dieticians and chiropodists) at eleven primary care centres located in southeast Sweden. The data collection consisted of a questionnaire including a subjective estimate of workload, the Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale (BITS) and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ). Also, a time study was performed, where the participants reported their work time based on three main categories; direct patient work tasks, indirect patient work tasks and other work tasks, each with a number of subcategories. The participants reported time spent on different work tasks, day by day during two separate weeks. Response rates were 75% for the questionnaire and 79% for the time study.Results: In paper I the time study revealed that health professionals at the primary care centres spent 37% of their work time with direct patient work tasks. All professions estimated a higher proportion of time spent directly with patients than they reported in the time study. Physicians scored highest on the psychosocial scales of quantitative demands, stress and role conflicts. The proportion of administrative work tasks was associated with role conflicts, the more administration the more role conflicts. Findings in paper II were that more than a quarter of physicians scored above the cut-off value for BITS regarding unnecessary work tasks, which was significantly more than the proportion observed in all other professions in the survey. Across all staff groups, a perception of having to perform illegitimate work tasks was associated with experiencing negative psychosocial work environment and with high proportion of administrative-related work tasks.Conclusions: Swedish primary care staff spend a limited proportion of their work time directly with patients and primary care physicians perceive the psychosocial work environment in negative terms to a greater extent than all other staff members. Allocation of work tasks has an influence on the perceived psychosocial work environment. The perception of having a large number of illegitimate work tasks affects the psychosocial work environment negatively, which might influence the perception the staff have of their professional roles. Perception of high proportion of unreasonable work tasks is associated with a high proportion of non-patient-related administration.This thesis illuminates the importance of decision makers thoroughly considering the distribution and allocation of non-patient related work tasks among staff in primary care, in order to achieve efficient use of personnel resources and favourable working conditions. Hopefully, the results of this study will contribute to further development of primary care so that medical competence will benefit patients as much as possible.
|
|
| 3. |
- Asp, Michaela, et al.
(author)
-
A Spatiotemporal Organ-Wide Gene Expression and Cell Atlas of the Developing Human Heart
- 2019
-
In: Cell. - : CELL PRESS. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 179:7, s. 1647-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The process of cardiac morphogenesis in humans is incompletely understood. Its full characterization requires a deep exploration of the organ-wide orchestration of gene expression with a single-cell spatial resolution. Here, we present a molecular approach that reveals the comprehensive transcriptional landscape of cell types populating the embryonic heart at three developmental stages and that maps cell-type-specific gene expression to specific anatomical domains. Spatial transcriptomics identified unique gene profiles that correspond to distinct anatomical regions in each developmental stage. Human embryonic cardiac cell types identified by single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed and enriched the spatial annotation of embryonic cardiac gene expression. In situ sequencing was then used to refine these results and create a spatial subcellular map for the three developmental phases. Finally, we generated a publicly available web resource of the human developing heart to facilitate future studies on human cardiogenesis.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Carlstedt, Emma, et al.
(author)
-
BUS TRIPS—A self-management program for people with cognitive impairments after stroke
- 2017
-
In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 14:11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Stroke is a major cause of disability worldwide and different types of impairments can affect the individual’s ability to manage everyday activities such as travel that is essential for participation in society. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a new self-management intervention (BUS TRIPS) focusing on travelling by bus, and potential contributions to an improved ability to travel by bus for people with cognitive impairments after stroke. This is a pilot study of five individuals, utilizing a multiple case study design with a mixed methods approach. Assessments (Stroke Impact Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale-11, Item 1) were performed before, two weeks after, and three months after the program. The data collection also comprised reflection notes from the group leaders (an occupational therapist and a physiotherapist), a semi-structured group interview and an individual phone survey. The feasibility of the intervention was presented in four sub-categories: (1) appreciated group format despite too short sessions, (2) the importance of skilled leaders and motivated participants, (3) session material adequate but needs minor revision to fit the target group, and (4) homework is valuable but reflective group discussions must be supported. The narratives of each case showed that all participants made some progress related to travelling by bus, but the overall positive results could not be verified by all of the quantitative assessments. We conclude that the BUS TRIPS intervention is feasible and can potentially contribute to an improved ability to travel by bus for the target group. Future studies is called for, and should focus on recruitment challenges, to clarify assessments that would be suitable to use in larger scale clinical trials and during subsequent implementation in clinical practice.
|
|
| 7. |
- Chiatti, Carlos, et al.
(author)
-
Access to public mobility services and health in old age : A cross-sectional study in three Swedish cities
- 2017
-
In: Journal of Transport and Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405. ; 7:Part B, s. 218-226
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Little evidence is available on how public transport features can impact on older people's health. The overarching aim of this paper is to evaluate socio-demographic, health and mobility-related factors correlated with health-related quality of life among people aged between 75 to 90 years old in three Swedish Municipalities. Methods: Within the SEBEM study, a cross-sectional survey using a self-administered postal questionnaire was conducted among 2398 older people aged between 75 and 90 years. Primary outcome of the study was health-related quality of life measured using the SF12 which distinguishes two dimensions of health, i.e. the Physical Composite Score (PCS) and the Mental Component Score (MCS). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the variability study outcomes. Multilevel regression models were used to investigate factors independently correlated with health, controlling for the influence of potential confounders. Results: Higher physical and mental self-reported health is associated with walking more than 500. m on a daily basis, use of a private car and frequent engagement in social activities. Access to the car is only associated with physical health. Mental health scores are significantly lower among those living far from the closest bus stop and never using public transport. Discussion: We provide evidence of epidemiological associations between access to public mobility services and good health in older age. Given the cross-sectional design of our analyses, and the related limitations, the associations found should be investigated more thoroughly by future studies using longitudinal and/or experimental designs.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Hallgrimsdottir, Berglind, et al.
(author)
-
Implementation of accessibility policy in municipal transport planning : Progression and regression in Sweden between 2004 and 2014
- 2016
-
In: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-070X. ; 49, s. 196-205
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Practitioners and transport planners should be aware of the different policies in transport planning and laws and regulations in relation to them. Nevertheless, research has shown that implementation of transport policies, whatever their focus may be, does not always result in them being employed in the daily transport planning. In Sweden, accessibility policy has a long tradition but gained increased interest in 1999 with an action plan which aimed at ensuring participation of all people with all kinds of disabilities. The overall aim of this study was to investigate how accessibility policy for older people and people with disabilities in the outdoor environment has been implemented in the daily transport planning and how it has progressed/regressed over time. The results in this paper are based on longitudinal data from questionnaire sent out to all municipalities in Sweden in 2004 and 2014. The results indicate that it has become more established to consider accessibility in transportation planning. However, the results also show that there are still some considerable differences between the municipalities regarding their level of implemented accessibility policy. Also, the municipal transport planners seem to be less aware of the legislative directives and recommendations in 2014 than in 2004. Overall, there is need for improved knowledge and awareness of accessibility issues among all actors involved in municipal planning and a need for a more effective and systematic approach when planning and designing outdoor environments for all.
|
|
