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| 2. |
- Babaei, Saman, et al.
(author)
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Effects of Plug-in Electric Vehicles on Distribution Systems: The Real Case of Gothenburg
- 2010
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In: IEEE PES Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe, Gothenburg, Sweden, October 10-13, 2010. - 9781424485109
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The electric power system is changing and, especially, the electrical distribution system will meet new features. One of the large changes is a transformation of the transportation sector with the use of electricity, with introduction of electrical vehicles and Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs). This will pose new challenges and opportunities for the electric distribution companies. This paper analyzes the effects of PEVs charging on the local 400 V and 10 kV electric distribution systems in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden, using steady-state power flow analysis. Two different areas representing residential area and commercial area have been simulated for the worst-case scenario, which is simultaneous charging of all the vehicles during the peak load period. The number of PEVs used has been estimated based on the load level at each customer location. The study results have shown that overloading of lines would occur when simultaneous charging of the vehicles during the peak load period. There would, however, be no problem with the voltage drop at the customer’s location during PEVs charging. An iterative method is proposed to estimate the maximum number of possible vehicles charging in the distribution system without resulting in any line overloaded. This method is also applied when one of the feeders is on outage to ensure the N-1 reliability criterion.
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| 3. |
- Bertling, Lina, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Integration of plug in hybrid electric vehicles and electric vehicles - Experience from Sweden
- 2010
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In: Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2010 IEEE. - 9781424483570
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Integration of plug in hybrid electric vehicles and electric vehicles (PHEVs and EVs) includes a wide area of topics like grid effects, different charging concepts, charger designs, harmonics from the charger etc. This short paper gives an introduction to ongoing work within this field in Sweden, and shows on research work within the topic at Chalmers University of Technology. ©2010 IEEE.
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| 4. |
- Göransson, Lisa, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Elbilar och förnyelsebar elproduktion
- 2014
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In: Perspektiv på eldrivna fordon 2014. - 9789198097443 ; , s. 20-21
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Rahimi, S., et al.
(author)
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Using the advanced DMS functions to handle the impact of plug-in Electric vehicles on distribution networks
- 2014
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In: 2014 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference, IEVC 2014. - 9781479960750
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Integration of Electric vehicles and their impact on power system have been a major topic within smart grid initiatives. It is proven that managing larger amount of loads in form of plug-in Electric vehicles (PEV) is a challenge for operation of low and medium voltage distribution network. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the usage of 'Integrated Volt/Var Optimization' function (which is one of main advanced distribution management system (DMS) functions) for handling the larger share of PEV load and reducing their impact on operation of Distribution System (DS). For this purpose, we propose a method for evaluating the impact of PEV charging on steady state operating condition of DS and identifying its possible capacity limitations in case of significant penetration of PEVs. We have applied a stochastic modeling for base EV load and have examined several different scenarios based on charging power and penetration level of PEVs to compare uncontrolled charging with base operation conditions. By presenting the results from our developed Volt/Var Optimization (VVO) engine, it is concluded that DMS functions can support handling of these new operating conditions for DSOs. A real distribution network in south western part of Sweden is used as test system for this study while a set of realistic load profile has been created based on real driving pattern (using the results of national survey from Swedish traffic authority) and actual base load for one year. In this work, the VVO function have been implemented in General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) by using a single mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for the volt-var problem. The results of optimization are system loss and voltage profile along the network in comparison with 'base-case' solution.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Steen, David, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Assessment of Electric Vehicle Charging Scenarios Based on Demographical Data
- 2012
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In: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. - 1949-3053 .- 1949-3061. ; 3:3, s. 1457-1468
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A massive introduction of Plug-in Electric Vehicles(PEVs) in the transportation sector would likely increase the total electricity consumption. Depending on how and when the PEVs are charged the effects on the power demand will vary. Previous studies have shown that uncontrolled charge of PEVs can cause problems for the electrical distribution system. This paper proposes an approach to control PEVs charging based on the charging behavior estimated from the demographical statistical data. In this approach, three different charge strategies are designed and the impacts of PEVs charging on the electrical distribution system are assess using standard load flow calculations. A case study using the proposed approach examines the real situation in Gothenburg, located on the west coast of Sweden. The results from the study show that the impacts on the electrical distribution system due to PEVs vary between different areas. By controlling the charging, the impacts can be reduced but the choice of control methods must be chosen carefully. Furthermore, the results indicate that a well-developed public charging infrastructure could reduce the stress on the residential electrical distribution systems since part of the charging can be done in commercial areas.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Steen, David, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Evaluating the Customers’ Benefits of Hourly Pricing Based on Day-Ahead Spot Market
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Customers with hourly electricity pricing can reduce their electricity cost by shifting their electricity demand in time. However, it is not known how much different customer could gain. As most hourly pricing contracts in Sweden are designed today, customers will know the electricity prices 12-36 hours in advance and will have the possibility to schedule their electricity usage in order to reduce their cost of electricity. In this study, three houses with different load profiles and heat demand are investigated to evaluate the possible savings that could be achieved by adapting to hourly pricing. Heating, laundry machines and dishwashers are assumed to be flexible loads that could be shifted in time. The study results show that the economic incentives to reschedule loads based on the hourly pricing will be limited for customers without electric heating. Even for customers with electric heating, the economic incentives may be too low to adapt to hourly tariffs based on the day-ahead spot market.
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