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- Araya, Tadesse
(author)
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Stereotypes: Suppression, Forgetting, and False Memory
- 2003
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis presents four studies investigating (1) whether incidentally primed control-related words can attenuate the impact of activated stereotypes on subsequent evaluation of a target person, (2) the impact of motivated forgetting on the recall of stereotypically congruent and incongruent information, and (3) the impact of a directed forgetting instruction on the false recall and recognition of nonpresented stereotypical information.In three experiments, Study I showed that participants initially primed with the social category, immigrant, and subsequently primed with words that were evocative of control or self-control made less negative impression of a target displaying ambiguous behaviors than participants not exposed to such words.Study II, using a directed-forgetting paradigm, demonstrated in two experiments that participants subliminally primed with Swedish facial photographs who later studied stereotypically incongruent words roughly recalled an equal number of items regardless of the forget or remember instructions. Study III showed that participants primed with the social category, immigrant and then studied a list of stereotypically related and unrelated words falsely recognized more nonpresented stereotypical words when they were furnished with a forget than a remember instruction. Similarly, Study IV (Experiment 2) demonstrated that participants primed with the social category, immigrant, but not with a neutral category, falsely recalled more nonpresented stereotypical words when their cognitive capacity was depleted through a concurrent memory load task. The thesis presents a review and a discussion of some of the theoretical underpinnings of the extant literature on stereotyping and intergroup relations and of the social implications of the present findings.
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| 2. |
- Faraon, Montathar, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Political campaigning 2.0 : The influence of online news and social networking sites on attitudes and behavior
- 2014
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In: eJournal of eDemocracy & Open Government. - JeDEM Open Access Online : JEDEM Journal of e-Democracy and Open Government. - 2075-9517. ; 6:3, s. 231-247
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aimed to examine differences in influence between online news (e.g., New York Times) and social networking sites (e.g., Facebook and Twitter) on attitudes in political campaigns. In a web-based experiment, campaign, polls and election between two fictitious candidates were simulated. Participants’ explicit and implicit attitudes as well as voting behavior were assessed using self-report items and the Implicit Association Test (IAT). The results reveal that information emanating from online news had a significant influence on explicit and implicit attitudes while that of social networking sites did not. Overall, negative items had a stronger impact than positive ones, more so in online news compared to social networking sites. Negative information from either type of media was more likely to change participants’ explicit attitudes in a negative direction and as a consequence also change their vote. Practical implications of the findings and limitations of the study are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Faraon, Montathar, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Positive but skeptical : A study of attitudes towards Internet voting in Sweden
- 2015
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In: CeDEM Asia 2014. - Münster : Donau-Universität Krems. - 9783902505712 ; , s. 191-205
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study explored the attitudes of a broad sample of politically interested Swedish voters towards Internet voting. A total of 5683 participants completed a web-based survey concerning participation and security aspects of Internet voting. Attitudes towards Internet voting were positive on the whole and the acceptance of participation in democratic elections using Internet voting was spearheaded by: women, groups with relatively short education, the unemployed and the self-employed. Unlike previous studies, it was found that age was not a significant factor in determining the attitudes towards participation in elections by means of Internet voting. Concerning the security challenges of Internet voting, men were more optimistic than women and participants’ confidence in security increased with age and education length.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Inducing and reducing false memories: A Swedish version of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm
- 2002
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 1467-9450 .- 0036-5564. ; 43:5, s. 369-383
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Participants tend to falsely remember a nonpresented critical word after having studied a list of the word's primary associates. We present here a Swedish version of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm, which provides a tractable method of experimentally inducing and investigating such illusory memories. In Experiment 1 it was demonstrated that the constructed stimulus material induced highly reliable false-recall and false-recognition effects, and, moreover, that veridical and false memories were associated with a similar phenomenological experience of remembering. The results from Experiment 2 indicated that the susceptibility to false recognition can be substantially reduced when participants are explicitly required to monitor the sources of their memories. These findings are consistent with predictions derived from the source-monitoring framework.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Memory for perceived and imagined pictures : an event-related potential study
- 2002
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In: Neuropsychologia, vol. 40, no. 7. - : Elsevier. ; 40:7, s. 986-1002
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioural measures were used to investigate recognition memory and source-monitoring judgements about previously perceived and imagined pictures. At study, word labels of common objects were presented. Half of these were followed by a corresponding picture and the other half by an empty frame, signalling to the participants to mentally visualise an image. At test, participants in a source-monitoring task made a three-way discrimination between new words and words corresponding to previously perceived and imagined pictures. Participants in an old/new-recognition task indicated whether test words were previously presented or not. In both tasks, correctly identified old items elicited more positive-going ERPs than correctly judged new items. This widely distributed old/new effect was found to have an earlier onset and to be of a greater magnitude for imagined than for perceived items. Task (source versus item-memory) affected the old/new effects over prefrontal areas and the reaction times to remembered old items. The present findings are consistent with the view that a greater amount, or a different type, of information is necessary for accurate source-memory judgements than for correct recognition, and moreover, that different types of source-specifying information revive at different rates. In addition, the results add weight to the view that the late widespread ERP-old/new effect is sensitive to the quality or the amount of information retrieved from memory.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Memory for perceived and imagined pictures: An event-related potential study
- 2002
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In: Neuropsychologia. - 1873-3514. ; 40:7, s. 986-1002
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral measures were used to investigate recognition memory and source-monitoring judgements about previously perceived and imagined pictures. At study, word labels of common objects were presented. Half of these were followed by a corresponding picture and the other half by an empty frame, signalling to the Ss (aged 20-35 yrs) to mentally visualize an image. At test, Ss in a source-monitoring task made a 3-way discrimination between new words and words corresponding to previously perceived and imagined pictures. Ss in an old/new-recognition task indicated whether test words were previously presented or not. In both tasks, correctly identified old items elicited more positive-going ERPs than correctly judged new items. This widely distributed old/new effect was found to have an earlier onset and to be of a greater magnitude for imagined than for perceived items. Task affected the old/new effects over prefrontal areas and the reaction times to remembered old items. Findings are consistent with the view that a greater amount, or a different type, of information is necessary for accurate source-memory judgements than for correct recognition, and moreover, that different types of source-specifying information revive at different rates.
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| 10. |
- Rosander, Pia, et al.
(author)
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Personality traits and general intelligence as predictors of academic performance: A structural equation modelling approach
- 2011
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In: Learning and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1041-6080 .- 1873-3425. ; 21:5, s. 590-596
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which personality traits, after controlling for general intelligence, predict academic performance in different school subjects. Upper secondary school students in Sweden (N=315) completed the Wonderlic IQ test (Wonderlic, 1992) and the IPIP-NEO-PI test (Goldberg, 1999). A series of hierarchical structural equation models showed that general intelligence, Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Neuroticism were significantly linked to overall academic performance. There were also different findings for a lower level of personality traits, e.g. different personality traits were associated with different subjects. The findings are discussed with regard to previous results on personality traits as determinants of academic performance in different school subjects and the fact that lower level traits may facilitate achievement in particular subjects. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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