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- Eriksson Stenström, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Identifying radiologically important ESS-specific radionuclides and relevant detection methods
- 2020
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Book (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The European Spallation Source (ESS) is under construction in the outskirts of Lund in southern Sweden. When ESS has entered the operational phase in a few years, an intense beam of high-energy protons will not only produce the desired spallation neutrons from a large target of tungsten, but a substantial number of different radioactive by-products will also be generated. A small part of these will be released to the environment during normal operation. During an accident scenario, a wide range of gases and aerosols may be released from the tungsten target. The palette of radionuclides generated in the ESS target will differ from that of e.g. medical cyclotrons or nuclear power plants, thus presenting new challenges e.g. in the required environmental monitoring to ensure that dose limits to the public are not exceeded. This project (SSM2018-1636), financed by the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM), aimed to strengthen competence at Lund University for measurement and analysis of ESS-specific radionuclides. First, an extensive literature review, including modelling as well as experimental analyses, of ESS-relevant radionuclides was performed. We found that radionuclide production in particle accelerators is well-known, while experience with tungsten targets is very limited. As a second part of the project, an independent simplified model of the ESS target sector for the calculations of radionuclide production in the ESS tungsten target was developed using the FLUKA code. We conclude that we have a fairly good agreement with results of other authors, except for 148Gd, and that the calculated radionuclide composition is sensitive to the nuclear interaction models used.In the third part of the project, known environmental measurement technologies for various ESS-relevant radionuclides were reviewed, focussing on pure difficult-to-measure alpha- and beta-emitters. Liquid scintillation counting (LSC) is a suitable technique e.g. for the important beta emitters 3H, 14C, 35S, 31P and 33P. Several ESS radionuclides of relevance for dose estimates have never been investigated by environmental analytical techniques, due to their absence in the normal environment. Alpha spectrometry seems promising for the analysis of alpha-emitting lanthanides, in particular for 148Gd. Among the many types of mass spectrometry techniques, ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) and AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) seem to be the most suitable for the analysis of long-lived ESS radionuclides in environmental samples (e.g. 243Am and possibly lanthanides for ICP-MS and 10Be, 14C, 32Si, 36Cl, 60Fe and 129I for AMS).Three experimental parts were performed during the project, related to initiation of radioactivity measurements of aerosols at Lund University, mapping of environmental tritium in the Lund area, and establishment of a method to measure tritium in urine followed by a study of tritium in persons presently living or working in Lund. Aerosols were collected at a rural background station (Hyltemossa near Perstorp, northern Skåne) using a high-volume aerosol sampler with automatic filter change (DHA-80, Digitel). Gamma spectrometry measurements of 7Be agreed rather well with results from a nearby air monitoring station (SSM/FOI). Tritium (radioactive hydrogen) is expected to dominate the source term from the ESS target station to the environment. We have performed several investigations to monitor the current situation of tritium in Lund using LSC: the matrices investigated included air humidity, precipitation, pond water, indoor air at one accelerator facility and urine from the general public as well as from persons who may be occupationally exposed to tritium. Environmental tritium was generally very low (<3.4 Bq L-1), with somewhat higher concentration in the springtime than during the rest of the year. Tritium in the vast majority of the 55 urine samples was also very low: only a few exposed workers were found to have up to 11 Bq L-1 in their urine, which still is very low compared to e.g. reactor workers. Suggestions for further actions and work related to measurement and analysis of ESS relevant radionuclides are presented.
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| 2. |
- Gustafsson, Sanna Aila, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Experiences of eating disorders from the perspectives of patients, family members and health care professionals : a meta-review of qualitative evidence syntheses
- 2021
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In: Journal of Eating Disorders. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2050-2974. ; 9:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Eating disorders are serious conditions that cause major suffering for patients and their families. Better knowledge about perceptions of eating disorders and their treatment, and which factors that facilitate or hinder recovery, is desired in order to develop the clinical work. We aimed to explore and synthesise experiences of eating disorders from the perspectives of those suffering from an eating disorder, their family members and health care professionals through an overarching meta-review of systematic reviews in the field.METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, and CINAHL. Inclusion criteria were systematic reviews of qualitative research on experiences, perceptions, needs, or desires related to eating disorders from the perspective of patients, family members or health care professionals. Systematic reviews that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were assessed for relevance and methodological limitations by at least two researchers independently. The key findings were analysed and synthesised into themes.RESULTS: We identified 17 systematic reviews that met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 13 reviews reported on the patients' perspective, five on the family members' perspective, and three on the health care professionals' perspective. The study population in the reviews was predominantly girls and young women with anorexia nervosa, whilst systematic reviews focusing on other eating disorders were scarce. The findings regarding each of the three perspectives resulted in themes that could be synthesised into three overarching themes: 1) being in control or being controlled, 2) balancing physical recovery and psychological needs, and 3) trusting relationships.CONCLUSIONS: There were several similarities between the views of patients, family members and health care professionals, especially regarding the significance of building trustful therapeutic alliances that also included family members. However, the informants sometimes differed in their views, particularly on the use of the biomedical model, which was seen as helpful by health care professionals, while patients and family members felt that it failed to address their psychological distress. Acknowledging these differences is important for the understanding of anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders, and may help clinicians to broaden treatment approaches to meet the expectations of patients and family members.
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| 3. |
- Stenström, Hanna, 1963-
(author)
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Antijudiska fallgropar i liberala och feministiska teologier
- 2021
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In: <em>Tala väl. Predikokommentarer i Krister Stendahls anda</em>. - Uppsala : iBibelakademiförlaget. ; , s. 29-33
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Detta är en kort populärvetenskaplig text om hur feministiska och liberala teologier kan använda antijudiska stereotyper, ofta omedvetet, i tolkning av berättelser om Jesus och kvinnor i Nya testamentet, som vill medvetandesgöra dem som predikar om dessa risker.
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| 4. |
- Stenström, Hanna, 1963-
(author)
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Att tänka och tala om döden med Bibelns ord
- 2021
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In: <em>På tal om döden</em>. - Stockholm : Makadam. ; , s. 35-53
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Detta är en essä om de föreställningar om döden som finns i Bibeln, hur de tolkas i kristen tradition samt om bruket av bibeltexter i Svenska kyrkans begravningsgudstjänst i nutid.
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| 5. |
- Stenström, Hanna, 1963-
(author)
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Att vara barn i antiken och i bibeltexterna
- 2021
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In: <em>Tala väl. Predikokommentarer i Krister Stendahls anda</em>. - Uppsala : iBibelakademiförlaget. ; , s. 34-37
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Detta är en kort populärvetensaplig text om dels barn i Bibelns texter, dels barns villkor och synen på barn i de kulturella sammanhang där bibeltexterna skrevs, särskilt den grekisk-romerska antiken och tidig judendom.
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| 8. |
- Stenström, Hanna, Docent, 1963-
(author)
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Christians Reading Revelation’s 144 000 Male Virgins
- 2023. - 1
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In: Revelation. - Minnesota : Liturgical Press. - 9780814682098 ; , s. 217-218
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A short contribution to a commentary on The Book of Revelation where I discuss the identity of Christians in as a male identity, in both the biblical text and in contemporary contexts
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