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- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(author)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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In: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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- Adams, Laura L, et al.
(author)
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Everyday Life Governance in Post-Soviet Uzbekistan
- 2018
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In: Central Asia in the Era of Sovereignty. The Return of Tamerlane?. - 9781498572668 - 9781498572675 ; , s. 487-487
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The issue of governance has become a fashionable topic of research in the study of post-Soviet societies. The key argument of this article is that there are multiple paradigms and understandings of ‘good governance’, some of which concur with the global (Western) understanding, while others offer alternative criteria. In this article, we explore the specifics of governance system in Uzbekistan and suggest the notion of ‘everyday life governance’ as shorthand for providing contextual understanding of good governance. This local Uzbek governance system consists of two important interrelated components: a government that heavily relies on coercive infrastructure for maintaining political stability and interethnic peace, but at the same time induces its citizens to engage in informal practices and networks as an alternative (to the formal) source of welfare. This article explores how this system emerged in the post-Soviet period and its impact on societal transformation, governance and development processes in Uzbekistan. These issues will be investigated with reference to observations and informal interviews from post-Soviet Uzbekistan. This study is based on three periods of ethnographic field research between 2009 and 2012 in the Ferghana Province of Uzbekistan.
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- Arup, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Lavar Lichenes
- 2015
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In: Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2015. - 9789187853104 ; , s. 72-79
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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- Baier, Matthias, et al.
(author)
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Om normer
- 2018. - 2
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Hur vet vi vad som är rätt och fel i en situation? Och hur avgör vi hur vi ska handla? Lagar är tydligt nedskrivna och det finns föreskrivna sanktioner om man bryter mot lagen. Men så tydligt är inte vårt samhälle. När vi är laglydiga utan att känna till lagen följer vi egentligen normer. Vårt handlande styrs sällan enbart av lagar och regler utan av dessa, oskrivna och osynliga, normer.Normer och rättsregler hänger ihop. I den här boken analyseras och diskuteras samhällets och rättssystemets normer. Författarna ger en övergripande bild av vad normer är, hur de definieras, deras tillkomst och uppbyggnad samt olika typer av normer. De reflekterar även över normers betydelse i samhället - vilka funktioner de har och varför vi följer normer.Om normer är en uppföljning och fördjupning av Om rättssociologi. Boken är särskild framtagen för grundutbildningen i rättssociologi, men kan med fördel användas även på utbildningar i juridik, sociologi, socialt arbete och kriminologi.
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- Baier, Matthias, et al.
(author)
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Om rättssociologi
- 2018
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Book (other academic/artistic)
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